Table 4.
EQ-5D-5L index, EQ VAS (5L), and EQ VAS (3L)
| EQ-5D-5L index | EQ VAS (5L) | EQ VAS (3L) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SE | 25P | 50P | 75P | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | |
| Overall | 0.887 | 0.0051 | 0.863 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 76.0 | 0.640 | 74.9 | 0.504 |
| Gender***/** | |||||||||
| Female | 0.863 | 0.0074 | 0.814 | 0.923 | 1.000 | 74.2 | 0.944 | 72.8 | 0.772 |
| Male | 0.914 | 0.0067 | 0.899 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 78.0 | 0.849 | 77.1 | 0.633 |
| Age group***/*** | |||||||||
| 18–29 | 0.962 | 0.0050 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 85.6 | 1.240 | 84.3 | 0.756 |
| 30–49 | 0.919 | 0.0073 | 0.911 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 81.1 | 0.965 | 79.8 | 0.821 |
| 50–69 | 0.868 | 0.0102 | 0.831 | 0.923 | 1.000 | 72.7 | 1.310 | 68.5 | 1.123 |
| 70+a | 0.790 | 0.0163 | 0.703 | 0.829 | 0.956 | 62.4 | 1.693 | 62.1 | 1.453 |
| Region | |||||||||
| Northern and central coast | 0.878 | 0.0096 | 0.831 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 75.8 | 1.148 | 74.9 | 0.836 |
| Northern and central interiora | 0.865 | 0.0201 | 0.853 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 75.6 | 1.922 | 72.2 | 1.085 |
| Lisbon and Oporto MA | 0.896 | 0.0066 | 0.867 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 76.0 | 0.898 | 76.3 | 0.960 |
| Alentejoa | 0.872 | 0.0241 | 0.819 | 0.923 | 1.000 | 74.1 | 3.322 | 73.2 | 1.866 |
| Algarvea | 0.910 | 0.0212 | 0.899 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 78.0 | 3.226 | 74.5 | 3.032 |
| Azores ARa | 0.943 | 0.0266 | 0.952 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 78.2 | 5.984 | 82.8 | 3.318 |
| Madeira ARa | 0.893 | 0.0306 | 0.892 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 78.0 | 5.255 | 83.0 | 2.878 |
| Marital status***/*** | |||||||||
| Single | 0.927 | 0.0089 | 0.920 | 0.964 | 1.000 | 82.5 | 1.075 | 83.6 | 0.800 |
| Married/living with a partner | 0.889 | 0.0063 | 0.851 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 75.3 | 0.867 | 73.0 | 0.699 |
| Divorced/separateda | 0.865 | 0.0195 | 0.851 | 0.923 | 1.000 | 74.1 | 2.099 | 74.0 | 2.091 |
| Widowed§ | 0.774 | 0.0286 | 0.717 | 0.826 | 0.923 | 61.8 | 3.164 | 61.7 | 2.250 |
| Educational attainment***/*** | |||||||||
| Low | 0.848 | 0.0090 | 0.776 | 0.923 | 1.000 | 69.5 | 1.116 | 69.1 | 0.837 |
| Medium | 0.912 | 0.0089 | 0.899 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 79.8 | 1.130 | 80.1 | 0.831 |
| High | 0.930 | 0.0071 | 0.915 | 0.964 | 1.000 | 82.7 | 0.927 | 82.0 | 0.857 |
| Chronic disease***/*** | |||||||||
| With a chronic disease | 0.822 | 0.0098 | 0.767 | 0.888 | 0.959 | 67.9 | 1.043 | 65.9 | 0.927 |
| Without a chronic disease | 0.942 | 0.0039 | 0.923 | 0.964 | 1.000 | 82.9 | 0.744 | 80.8 | 0.574 |
Unmarked relative sampling error (RSE) of mean EQ-5D-5L utility scores’ estimated values: ≤ 4%; a4% < RSE ≤ 10%; RSE = (1.96 × standard error/estimate) × 100%, at a confidence level of 95%
MA metropolitan area, AR autonomous region, SE standard error, 25P 25th percentile, 50P 50th percentile, 75P 75th percentile
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 for the EQ-5D-5L index/and the EQ VAS (5L) score. Comparisons of the means of EQ-5D-5L index score and EQ-VAS score distributions across groups defined by gender, age group, region, marital status, educational attainment and chronic disease were analyzed using the Welch’s test