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. 2023 Jan 9;21(2):519–565. doi: 10.1007/s11150-022-09642-6

Table 9.

Predicting work-from-home day (probit marginal effects)

Men Women
CPS Share WFH in occupation 0.457*** (0.151) 0.677*** (0.186)
Log wage 0.085** (0.039) 0.186*** (0.046)
Part-time worker 0.103 (0.101) 0.012 (0.063)
Partner part-time −0.075** (0.036) −0.167*** (0.056)
Self-employed 0.011 (0.062) 0.298*** (0.090)
Paid hourly −0.092** (0.042) −0.038 (0.054)
Union member 0.061 (0.079) −0.099 (0.067)
Age 0.013 (0.008) −0.001 (0.005)
Age squared −0.013 (0.009) 0.006 (0.006)
No high school degree 0.012 (0.130) −0.215** (0.106)
Some college 0.111 (0.070) 0.112 (0.077)
College degree 0.128* (0.072) 0.211*** (0.076)
Graduate degree 0.171** (0.086) 0.228*** (0.087)
Cohabiter 0.015 (0.062) 0.203** (0.088)
Non-Hispanic black −0.061 (0.060) 0.043 (0.085)
Hispanic 0.049 (0.065) 0.010 (0.067)
Non-Hispanic other race −0.014 (0.052) 0.088 (0.084)
Parent of 3+ children −0.070 (0.051) −0.140** (0.064)
Lives with child aged 0 to 2 0.074 (0.061) 0.159** (0.080)
Lives with child aged 3 to 5 0.033 (0.061) −0.117* (0.064)
Lives with child aged 6 to 12 −0.050 (0.046) 0.130** (0.064)
Lives with child aged 13 to 17 0.097 (0.069) 0.078 (0.080)
Other household adult −0.060 (0.043) −0.117** (0.052)
Metropolitan area 0.005 (0.055) 0.098* (0.058)
Business and finance occupations 0.149* (0.087) 0.158* (0.088)
Computer and math 0.243** (0.104) 0.063 (0.186)
Architecture, engineering, sciences, legal 0.108 (0.079) −0.016 (0.103)
Community and social services 0.479*** (0.156) −0.048 (0.104)
Education and library 0.105 (0.142) −0.048 (0.089)
Arts, design, entertainment 0.075 (0.140) 0.204 (0.160)
Healthcare practitioners and support 0.287* (0.155) −0.128 (0.087)
Sales and services: food, protective, cleaning, personal −0.009 (0.066) −0.000 (0.094)
Office and administrative support 0.131 (0.105) 0.086 (0.089)
Production, transportation −0.053 (0.065) 0.099 (0.136)
Manufacturing −0.060 (0.069) −0.256*** (0.061)
Wholesale & retail trade 0.125 (0.102) −0.237*** (0.075)
Transportation & utilities −0.067 (0.076) −0.038 (0.169)
Information 0.125 (0.148) −0.196 (0.129)
FIRE, finance, insurance, real estate 0.198* (0.107) −0.115 (0.111)
Professional, scientific, and technical 0.092 (0.095) −0.125 (0.111)
Management, administrative services −0.051 (0.091) −0.170* (0.103)
Education −0.013 (0.102) −0.237** (0.093)
Healthcare and social assistance −0.085 (0.084) −0.312*** (0.074)
Arts, entertainment, and recreation −0.030 (0.152) −0.204** (0.101)
Accommodation and food services −0.094 (0.095) −0.241*** (0.075)
Other services 0.014 (0.102) −0.124 (0.117)
Public administration −0.108* (0.062) −0.116 (0.121)
N 814 741
Pseudo R2 0.331 0.344
Correlation with WFH day for respondents (parents of kids<13) 0.553 0.595

The sample includes men and women in dual-earner couples observed on weekday workdays between May 10, 2020 and December 2021. Workdays are days on which the respondent reports at least 1 h of work. WFH is defined as working exclusively from home on the diary day. Models also include pandemic month indicators. Source: Authors’ calculations based on the American Time Use Survey and Current Population Survey COVID-19 data