Table 2.
Average effect of urbanicity on poor mental health days reported per month after allowing average outcomes to vary by state and adjusting for age, income, education, and race/ethnicity
| State variation only | State variation and demographic effects | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% CI) | t | df | p | Estimate (95% CI) | t | df | p | |
| Large Central Metro | − 0.31 (− 0.40, − 0.22) | − 6.8 | 388.2 | < 0.001 | − 0.24 (− 0.31, − 0.16) | − 5.78 | 423 | < 0.001 |
| Large Fringe Metro | − 0.26 (− 0.32, − 0.21) | − 9.2 | 689.5 | < 0.001 | − 0.04 (− 0.10, 0.01) | − 1.49 | 723 | 0.14 |
| Medium Metro | − 0.06 (− 0.11, − 0.01) | − 2.5 | 686.2 | 0.01 | − 0.003 (− 0.05, 0.04) | − 0.14 | 727 | 0.89 |
| Micropolitan | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15) | 5.2 | 952.9 | < 0.001 | − 0.004 (− 0.05, 0.04) | − 0.17 | 996 | 0.86 |
| Noncore | 0.21 (0.17, 0.25) | 10.7 | 1652 | < 0.001 | 0.072 (0.026, 0.12) | 3.06 | 1690 | 0.002 |
Small metro is the reference category for each urbanicity comparison