Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Participants With Plaque Outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total (N = 755) | Female (n = 124) | Male (n = 631) |
| Demographic and behavioral | |||
| Age, median (Q1, Q3), y | 51 (47, 55) | 50 (46, 55) | 51 (47, 55) |
| ȃ40–49 y, n (%) | 322 (43%) | 56 (45%) | 266 (42%) |
| ȃ50–59 y, n (%) | 376 (50%) | 57 (46%) | 319 (51%) |
| ȃ60+ y, n (%) | 57 (8%) | 11 (9%) | 46 (7%) |
| Gender identity, n (%) | |||
| Cisgender | 722 (96%) | 121 (98%) | 601 (95%) |
| Transgender spectrum | 15 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (2%) |
| Not reported | 18 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 15 (2%) |
| Race,a n (%) | |||
| White | 406 (54%) | 41 (33%) | 365 (58%) |
| Black or African American | 267 (35%) | 70 (56%) | 197 (31%) |
| Asian | 10 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 8 (1%) |
| Other | 72 (10%) | 11 (9%) | 61 (10%) |
| Ethnicity,b n (%) | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 182 (24%) | 33 (27%) | 149 (24%) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 563 (75%) | 91 (73%) | 472 (75%) |
| Unknown | 10 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (2%) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Current | 181 (24%) | 31 (25%) | 150 (24%) |
| Former | 235 (31%) | 37 (30%) | 198 (31%) |
| Never | 337 (45%) | 55 (45%) | 282 (45%) |
| Substance use, n (%) | |||
| Current | 16 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 13 (2%) |
| Former | 367 (49%) | 57 (46%) | 310 (49%) |
| Never | 369 (49%) | 63 (51%) | 306 (49%) |
| Cardiovascular and metabolic | |||
| ASCVD risk score, median (Q1, Q3), % | 4.5 (2.6, 6.8) | 2.1 (0.9, 3.7) | 4.9 (3.1, 7.3) |
| 0–<2.5, n (%) | 175 (23%) | 72 (58%) | 103 (16%) |
| 2.5–<5, n (%) | 247 (33%) | 33 (27%) | 214 (34%) |
| 5–10, n (%) | 286 (38%) | 19 (15%) | 267 (42%) |
| >10, n (%) | 47 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 47 (7%) |
| BMI, median (Q1, Q3), kg/m² | 26.9 (24.3, 30.1) | 29.6 (25.3, 32.7) | 26.6 (24.0, 29.4) |
| <18.5 kg/m², n (%) | 8 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 7 (1%) |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m², n (%) | 247 (33%) | 28 (23%) | 219 (35%) |
| 25–29.9 kg/m², n (%) | 307 (41%) | 35 (28%) | 272 (43%) |
| 30+ kg/m², n (%) | 193 (26%) | 60 (48%) | 133 (21%) |
| Prior statin use, n (%) | 59 (8%) | 6 (5%) | 53 (8%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 244 (32%) | 42 (34%) | 202 (32%) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3 (<0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (<0.5%) |
| Cholesterol,c median (Q1, Q3), mg/dL | 183 (160, 209) | 192 (164, 221) | 181 (159, 205) |
| Triglycerides,c mg/dL | |||
| Triglycerides,c median (Q1, Q3), mg/dL | 110 (81, 162) | 102 (82, 138) | 112 (80, 168) |
| ≤400 mg/dL, n (%) | 737 (98%) | 124 (100%) | 613 (98%) |
| 401–<500 mg/dL, n (%) | 7 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (1%) |
| 500+ mg/dL, n (%) | 6 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1%) |
| LDL cholesterol,c median (Q1, Q3), mg/dL | 105 (88, 127) | 108 (87, 127) | 105 (88, 127) |
| <70 mg/dL, n (%) | 72 (10%) | 14 (11%) | 58 (9%) |
| 70–130 mg/dL, n (%) | 503 (68%) | 82 (66%) | 421 (68%) |
| 130–160 mg/dL, n (%) | 131 (18%) | 23 (19%) | 108 (17%) |
| 160+ mg/dL, n (%) | 38 (5%) | 5 (4%) | 33 (5%) |
| HDL cholesterol,c median (Q1, Q3), mg/dL | 47 (38, 59) | 59 (47, 71) | 45 (37, 56) |
| Glucose,c median (Q1, Q3), mg/dL | 92 (85, 98) | 89 (83, 96) | 92 (86, 98) |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |||
| Chronic active HBV | 18 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (3%) |
| Chronic active HCV | 24 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 21 (3%) |
| HIV-related health history | |||
| Years since HIV diagnosis, median (Q1, Q3) | 15 (9, 22) | 16 (9, 23) | 15 (9, 21) |
| Nadir CD4 count, n (%) | |||
| <50 cells/mm³ | 163 (22%) | 24 (19%) | 139 (22%) |
| 50–199 cells/mm³ | 218 (29%) | 42 (34%) | 176 (28%) |
| 200–349 cells/mm³ | 202 (27%) | 31 (25%) | 171 (27%) |
| 350+ cells/mm³ | 148 (20%) | 23 (19%) | 125 (20%) |
| Unknown | 24 (3%) | 4 (3%) | 20 (3%) |
| Years of ART use, n (%) | |||
| <5 | 120 (16%) | 22 (18%) | 98 (16%) |
| 5–10 | 199 (26%) | 27 (22%) | 172 (27%) |
| 10+ | 436 (58%) | 75 (60%) | 361 (57%) |
| HIV-related health at REPRIEVE entry | |||
| CD4 count, n (%) | |||
| <350 cells/mm³ | 112 (15%) | 12 (10%) | 100 (16%) |
| 350–499 cells/mm³ | 148 (20%) | 31 (25%) | 117 (19%) |
| 500+ cells/mm³ | 495 (66%) | 81 (65%) | 414 (66%) |
| HIV-1 RNA, n (%) | |||
| <LLQ | 658 (88%) | 113 (94%) | 545 (87%) |
| LLQ–< 400 | 71 (10%) | 5 (4%) | 66 (11%) |
| 400+ | 16 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 14 (2%) |
| ART regimen, n (%) | |||
| NRTI + INSTI | 334 (44%) | 57 (46%) | 277 (44%) |
| NRTI + NNRTI | 197 (26%) | 32 (26%) | 165 (26%) |
| NRTI + PI | 127 (17%) | 18 (15%) | 109 (17%) |
| NRTI-sparing | 22 (3%) | 4 (3%) | 18 (3%) |
| Other | 75 (10%) | 13 (10%) | 62 (10%) |
| Abacavir exposure, n (%) | 253 (34%) | 47 (38%) | 206 (33%) |
| Abacavir exposure, median (Q1, Q3), years | 3.0 (1.2, 6.7) | 4.0 (1.0, 6.4) | 3.0 (1.2, 6.8) |
| Protease inhibitor exposure, n (%) | 464 (62%) | 78 (63%) | 386 (61%) |
| Protease inhibitor exposure, median (Q1, Q3), years | 6.7 (3.4, 11.0) | 7.3 (4.0, 10.7) | 6.6 (3.3, 11.0) |
All statistics are calculated out of participants with data collected. Missing data: Smoking status (n = 2); Substance use (n = 3); Cholesterol (n = 5); Triglycerides (n = 5); LDL Cholesterol (n = 11); HDL Cholesterol (n = 5); Glucose (n = 8); HIV-1 RNA (n = 10).
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; LLQ, lower limit of quantification; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; Q, quartile; REPRIEVE, Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV.
“Other” race includes participants self-identifying as native or indigenous to the enrollment region, >1 race (with no single race noted as predominant), or of unknown race.
Ethnicity presented per National Institutes of Health definition.
Fasting labs at entry. LDL cholesterol is derived as follows: calculated LDL reported by the laboratory if triglycerides ≤ 400 mg/dL. Direct LDL reported by the laboratory if triglycerides >400 mg/dL and <500 mg/dL. Missing if triglycerides ≥ 500 mg/dL.