Figure 2. Early Reconnection of Posterior Wall after Surgical Ablation, Associated with Post-Surgical recurrence of AF, Treated with Endocardial Ablation.
(A) High density mapping (3000 points) at 23 weeks after surgical ablation shows durable PVI (red; < 0.1 mV), yet PW reconnection (yellow circles). (B) Gaps (yellow circles; >0.1 mV). (C) Radiofrequency lesions (pink tags) within the PW box and the left atrial roof. (D) AF termination upon closing this PW box. (E) Post-ablation voltage map with complete isolation of PVI and PWI, confirmed by entrance/exit block. The patient is free of AF or AT at 1 year off anti-arrhythmic medications.