Table 3:

Weighted Poisson Regression Models for Total, Diagnosed, and Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes Among US Adults 20 Years or Older, NHANES 2015–2018

Characteristics	Total diabetes			Diagnosed diabetes			Undiagnosed diabetes			Prediabetes
	Cases	Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)	P value	Cases	Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)	P value	Cases	Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)	P value	Cases	Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)	P value
Age group
20–44	223	1.00 (reference)		132	1.00 (reference)		91	1.00 (reference)		1356	1.00 (reference)
45–64	817	4.06 (3.32–4.98)	<0.001	589	4.85 (3.66–6.43)	<0.001	228	2.95 (2.02–4.30)	<0.001	1704	1.39 (1.28–1.50)	<0.001
≥65	767	6.37 (5.24–7.74)	<0.001	602	8.52 (6.61–11.0)	<0.001	165	3.23 (2.13–4.88)	<0.001	1148	1.59 (1.46–1.72)	<0.001
Sex
Male	958	1.00 (reference)		696	1.00 (reference)		262	1.00 (reference)		2247	1.00 (reference)
Female	849	0.76 (0.69–0.85)	<0.001	627	0.78 (0.67–0.91)	0.02	222	0.72 (0.53–0.97)	0.03	1961	0.81 (0.75–0.87)	<0.001
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	571	1.00 (reference)		425	1.00 (reference)		146	1.00 (reference)		1565	1.00 (reference)
Non-Hispanic Black	443	1.40 (1.23–1.61)	<0.001	333	1.42 (1.22–1.65)	<.001	110	1.36 (0.98–1.88)	0.06	897	1.03 (0.95–1.12)	0.42
All Hispanic	522	1.38 (1.21–1.57)	<0.001	380	1.36 (1.15–1.61)	<.001	142	1.41 (1.09–1.84)	0.01	1053	1.05 (0.96–1.14)	0.29
Non-Hispanic Asian	211	2.18 (1.74–2.70)	<0.001	135	1.97 (1.55–2.49)	<.001	76	2.71 (1.82–4.03)	<0.001	557	1.21 (1.11–1.33)	<0.001
Others	60	1.15 (0.75–1.75)	0.47	50	1.31 (0.85–2.04)	0.22	10	0.71 (0.34–1.48)	0.35	136	1.14 (0.94–1.38)	0.18
Weight Categories
Underweight	8	0.74 (0.95–1.45)	0.60	8	1.04 (0.52–2.10)	0.90	0	-	-	42	0.82 (0.63–1.08)	0.16
Normal weight	240	1.00 (reference)		171	1.00 (reference)		69	1.00 (reference)		961	1.00 (reference)
Overweight	517	1.86 (1.49–2.31)	<0.001	393	1.90 (1.45–2.48)	<0.001	124	1.75 (1.09–2.82)	0.02	1427	1.30 (1.17–1.44)	<0.001
Obese	1013	3.86 (3.19–4.67)	<0.001	729	3.77 (2.93–4.84)	<0.001	284	4.12 (2.74–6.21)	<0.001	1744	1.42 (1.29–1.58)	<0.001
Income levels
Low	411	1.00 (reference)		300	1.00 (reference)		111	1.00 (reference)			1.00 (reference)
Middle	889	0.91 (0.79–1.04)	0.03	651	0.98 (0.80–1.19)	0.83	238	0.76 (0.54–1.08)	0.12	835	0.98 (0.89–1.09)	0.75
High	327	0.78 (0.62–0.99)	0.04	240	0.93 (0.69–1.23)	0.58	87	0.52 (0.34–0.80)	0.004	1997	1.0 (0.87–1.15)	0.98
Education										962
<High school	562	1.00 (reference)		419	1.00 (reference)		143	1.00 (reference)		985	1.00 (reference)
High school graduate or GED	412	0.88 (0.73–1.07)	0.20	290	0.89 (0.70–1.14)	0.35	122	0.86 (0.62–1.20)	0.38	1003	1.07 (0.97–1.17)	0.20
Some college	493	0.83 (0.70–0.97)	0.02	369	0.81 (0.65–1.01)	0.06	124	0.86 (0.62–1.21)	038	1223	0.96 (0.88–1.06)	0.44
≥College	338	0.71 (0.58–0.88)	0.002	243	0.65 (0.49–0.87)	0.005	95	0.90 (0.58–1.37)	0.61	995	0.94 (0.83–1.06)	0.28
Food Security Status
Very low	130	1.24 (0.97–1.59)	0.09	96	1.38 (1.01–1.89)	0.049	34	0.96 (0.54–1.70)	0.89	215	0.94 (0.85–1.04)	0.22
Low	195	1.25 (1.02–1.54)	0.03	146	1.42 (1.09–1.83)	0.01	49	0.91 (0.65–1.27)	0.57	414	0.98 (0.87–1.10)	0.68
Marginal	165	1.24 (0.97–1.59)	0.09	122	1.25 (1.01–1.56)	0.045	43	1.02 (0.65–1.58)	0.94	359	1.04 (0.94–1.15)	0.43
Full	793	1.00 (reference)		558	1.00 (reference)		235	1.00 (reference)		2087	1.00 (reference)
Insurance status
Yes	1556	1.15 (0.97–1.36)	0.11	1164	1.28 (1.02–1.59)	0.03	392	0.93 (0.69–1.26)	0.65	3372	0.94 (0.85–1.04)	0.25
No	247	1.00 (reference)		157	1.00 (reference)		90	1.00 (reference)		825	1.00 (reference)

Abbreviation: GED, general equivalency diploma; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

^aData were weighted to be nationally representative.