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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Placenta. 2022 Nov 19;131:1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.006

Figure 1: GDM correlates with downregulation of O-GlcNAc enzymes in male placentas. O-GlcNAcylation of proteins.

Figure 1:

(A) 2–3% of glucose (Glc) entering cells is shuttled through the Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway (HBP) to produce UDP-GlcNAc, the nucleotide donor for O-GlcNAcylation. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) adds the GlcNAc residue to serine or threonine (S/T) residues. O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the sugar residue. (B/C) Expressions of OGT (B) or OGA (C) were measured in healthy or Gestational diabetes (GDM) placentas by qPCR and reported on ACTIN (n=4–5/group). (D/E) OGT and OGA expression were measured by qPCR in BeWo cells transfected with siRNA against OGT (D) or OGA (E) for 48h. Relative expression was calculated using the −2ΔΔCt method (n=3/group). Significance was calculated by student t-test; ns ≥ 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. (F) O-GlcNAcylation levels in BeWo cells transfected with siRNA against OGT for 48h. Total protein stain was used as the loading control.