. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 9.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2023 Jan 9;32(1):82–90. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-0970

Table 4.

Adjusted multivariable analysis of up-to-date cervical cancer screening by race/ethnicity, Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System, 2016–2020 (n=235,713).

	Non-Hispanic White	Non-Hispanic Black	Hispanic	Non-Hispanic AI/AN	Non-Hispanic Asian	Non-Hispanic Other

	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)

Age
30–39	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
40–49	0.36 (0.33, 0.40) ^a	0.41 (0.32, 0.53) ^a	0.48 (0.39, 0.60) ^a	0.53 (0.34, 0.83) ^b	0.63 (0.44, 0.91) ^c	0.56 (0.38, 0.83) ^b
50–59	0.21 (0.19, 0.24) ^a	0.25 (0.18, 0.33) ^a	0.31 (0.24, 0.40) ^a	0.34 (0.21, 0.54) ^a	0.40 (0.25, 0.63) ^a	0.36 (0.23, 0.54) ^a
60–64	0.15 (0.14, 0.17) ^a	0.16 (0.12, 0.23) ^a	0.22 (0.16, 0.31) ^a	0.29 (0.18, 0.49) ^a	0.38 (0.21, 0.69) ^b	0.31 (0.19, 0.49) ^a

Marital Status
Not Married	1.00	1.00	1.00		1.00
Married/Cohabiting	1.12 (1.05, 1.19) ^a	1.06 (0.88, 1.28)	1.30 (1.11, 1.53) ^b	—	1.26 (0.91, 1.75)	—

Education
< High school	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
High school	1.17 (1.01, 1.34) ^c	1.20 (0.88, 1.64)	0.89 (0.72, 1.09)	0.95 (0.55, 1.62)	1.80 (0.83, 3.88)	1.37 (0.76, 2.47)
> High School	1.62 (1.41, 1.86) ^a	2.07 (1.51, 2.83) ^a	1.07 (0.88, 1.31)	1.14 (0.70, 1.87)	2.50 (1.24, 5.04) ^c	1.88 (1.15, 3.06) ^c

Employment Status
Unemployed	1.00	1.00	1.00			1.00
Employed	1.18 (1.10, 1.25) ^a	1.34 (1.10, 1.64) ^a	1.14 (0.96, 1.36)	—	—	1.37 (0.99, 1.91)

Household Income
<$15,000	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
$15,000–49,000	1.16 (1.03, 1.31) ^c	1.03 (0.80, 1.32)	1.09 (0.86, 1.39)	1.48 (0.94, 2.34)	1.37 (0.77, 2.43)	1.16 (0.67, 2.00)
$50,000 or more	1.71 (1.50, 1.95) ^a	1.22 (0.87, 1.70)	1.25 (0.94, 1.66)	2.61 (1.58, 4.34) ^a	2.75 (1.56, 4.86) ^a	1.20 (0.69, 2.07)
Missing	1.36 (1.19, 1.55) ^a	0.66 (0.49,0.89) ^b	0.96 (0.74, 1.25)	1.49 (0.80, 2.77)	1.46 (0.78, 2.73)	1.19 (0.65, 2.18)

Health Insurance
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.80 (1.64, 1.98) ^a	1.42 (1.14, 1.78) ^b	1.28 (1.06, 1.55) ^c	1.96 (1.24, 3.10) ^b	1.25 (0.81, 1.92)	1.96 (1.27, 3.03) ^a

General Health
Poor/Fair	1.00	1.00	1.00			1.00
Good/Better	1.61 (1.48, 1.74) ^a	1.33 (1.08, 1.65) ^b	1.15 (0.96, 1.38)	—	—	1.38 (0.69, 1.51)

Had a Personal Physician
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.55 (1.43, 1.67) ^a	2.13 (1.69, 2.69) ^a	1.35 (1.10, 1.65) ^b	1.45 (1.00, 2.10) ^c	1.65 (1.17, 2.32) ^b	1.36 (0.94, 1.95)

Routine Check-up
> 5 years/Never	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
< 1 year	9.25 (8.33, 10.26) ^a	11.95 (7.68, 18.59) ^a	6.44 (4.89, 8.47) ^a	7.71 (4.18,	4.93 (2.79, 8.72) ^a	13.57 (7.34, 25.07) ^a
1 – < 5 years	4.35 (3.91, 4.84) ^a	4.97 (3.17, 7.79) ^a	3.28 (2.52, 4.27) ^a	14.23) ^a 4.15 (2.18, 7.90) ^a	2.65 (1.46, 4.79) ^b	6.04 (3.23, 11.28) ^a

Had a Mammogram
No	1.00	1.00	1.00		1.00
Yes	2.97 (2.72, 3.25) ^a	2.75 (2.18, 3.47) ^a	2.74 (2.22, 3.37) ^a	—	3.78 (2.62, 5.45) ^a	—

Boldface indicates statistical significance

P < 0.001

p <0.01

p < 0.05

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AI/AN, American Indian/Alaska Native

Models were adjusted for survey year