. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 9.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2023 Jan 9;32(1):82–90. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-0970

Table 5.

Unadjusted bivariate analysis of HPV testing in past 5 years by race/ethnicity, BRFSS 2016–2020 (n=170,965)

	Non-Hispanic White	Non-Hispanic Black	Hispanic	Non-Hispanic AI/AN	Non-Hispanic Asian	Non-Hispanic Other

	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)

Age
30–39	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
40–49	0.66 (0.62, 0.70) ^a	0.75 (0.65, 0.87) ^a	0.94 (0.81, 1.08)	0.84 (0.55, 1.28)	0.97 (0.72, 1.30)	0.72 (0.52, 0.99) ^c
50–59	0.41 (0.39, 0.44) ^a	0.43 (0.37, 0.50) ^a	0.67 (0.57, 0.80) ^a	0.44 (0.30, 0.66) ^a	0.52 (0.36, 0.77) ^b	0.44 (0.31, 0.61) ^a
60–64	0.27 (0.25, 0.29) ^a	0.27 (0.23, 0.33) ^a	0.41 (0.32, 0.51) ^a	0.59 (0.30, 1.16)	0.57 (0.32, 1.03)	0.35 (0.22, 0.55) ^a

Marital Status
Not Married	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Married/Cohabiting	0.93 (0.88, 0.97) ^b	0.85 (0.75, 0.95) ^b	1.05 (0.93, 1.18)	0.95 (0.69, 1.33)	0.97 (0.73, 1.29)	0.87 (0.68, 1.12)

Education
< High school	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
High school	1.17 (1.01, 1.35) ^c	1.37 (1.10, 1.72) ^b	1.36 (1.15, 1.60) ^a	0.87 (0.52, 1.47)	0.90 (0.34, 2.34)	0.98 (0.58, 1.64)
> High School	1.72 (1.50, 1.98) ^a	2.08 (1.68, 2.57) ^a	2.34 (2.03, 2.70) ^a	1.38 (0.87, 2.20)	1.73 (0.72, 4.15)	1.49 (0.95, 2.34)

Employment Status
Unemployed	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Employed	1.35 (1.28, 1.41) ^a	1.52 (1.35, 1.71) ^a	1.28 (1.13, 1.44) ^a	0.94 (0.68, 1.31)	1.18 (0.88, 1.59)	1.37 (1.05, 1.78) ^c

Household Income
<$15,000	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
$15,000–49,000	1.11 (1.00, 1.23) ^c	1.38 (1.16, 1.63) ^a	1.50 (1.27, 1.77) ^a	1.41 (0.94, 2.12)	1.88 (1.00, 3.52)	1.16 (0.77, 1.75)
$50,000 or more	1.38 (1.25, 1.52) ^a	1.73 (1.44, 2.06) ^a	2.40 (1.98, 1.89) ^a	1.56 (0.97, 2.51)	3.51 (1.97, 6.25) ^a	1.34 (0.89, 2.03)
Missing	0.92 (0.82, 1.03)	0.99 (0.79, 1.26)	1.05 (0.85, 1.29)	1.56 (0.82, 2.99)	2.41 (1.25, 4.66) ^b	1.03 (0.62, 1.72)

Health Insurance
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.69 (1.55, 1.85) ^a	1.42 (1.19, 1.70) ^a	1.76 (1.54, 2.01) ^a	2.63 (1.58, 4.38) ^a	1.63 (1.07, 2.49) ^c	1.68 (1.13, 2.50) ^c

General Health
Poor/Fair	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Good/Better	1.32 (1.24, 1.41) ^a	1.46 (1.27, 1.68) ^a	1.47 (1.27, 1.69) ^a	1.10 (0.77, 1.57)	0.72 (0.46, 1.14)	1.17 (0.86, 1.58)

Had a Personal Physician
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.39 (1.30, 1.48) ^a	1.78 (1.53, 2.08) ^a	1.75 (1.53, 2.01) ^a	1.66 (1.18, 2.34) ^b	1.23 (0.88, 1.72)	1.21 (0.89, 1.65)

Routine Check-up
> 5 years/Never	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
< 1 year	3.37 (3.01, 3.77) ^a	5.10 (3.33, 7.80) ^a	4.82 (3.60, 6.45) ^a	3.83 (1.92, 7.62) ^a	3.07 (1.63, 5.80) ^b	4.33 (2.19, 8.57) ^a
1 – < 5 years	2.83 (2.50, 3.19) ^a	3.55 (2.26, 5.56) ^a	3.16 (2.32, 4.31) ^a	2.23 (1.06, 4.71) ^c	2.58 (1.29, 5.15) ^b	3.73 (1.82, 7.61) ^a

Had a Mammogram
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	0.74 (0.71, 0.78) ^a	0.88 (0.78, 0.99) ^c	1.20 (1.07, 1.36) ^b	0.91 (0.66, 1.26)	1.25 (0.96, 1.63)	0.79 (0.61, 1.01)

Boldface indicates statistical significance

P < 0.001

p <0.01

p < 0.05

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AI/AN, American Indian/Alaska Native