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. 2022 Oct 22;391(1):173–188. doi: 10.1007/s00441-022-03698-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — PL contains a number of growth factors that stimulate fibroblasts. a transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF-AB, and PDGF-BB), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF-2) concentrations in PL (n = 8). b Total protein and fibrinogen concentrations in PL (n = 8) c,d collagen 1a1 (Col1A1), collagen 3a1 (Col3A1), collagen 4a1 (Col4A1) and fibronectin-1 (FN1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) expression were analysed in fibroblasts expanded in 2% and 4% PL over 3 weeks, compared to 4% FBS. Graphs represent mean values + / − SEM in each group (n = 5 per group) (* = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p ≤ 0.001). e–f IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by fibroblasts isolated and expanded in 2% PL-, 4% PL- or 4% FBS-supplemented media was measured by ELISA after 1, 2 and 3 weeks culture (n = 4)