Figure 7.

Electrochemical characteristics of LHCEs with different TTE ratios. a) Schemes of solvation structure of redesigned LHCEs (L3, L2, and L1). Li||Cu cell cycling with different LHCEs at controlled electrolyte amounts; b) flooded (75 µL) and c) lean (17.2 µL) electrolytes. Insets show a magnified view of Li CE variations. d) Comparison of Li||Li cell cycling stability for three LHCE under the lean electrolyte condition. e) Cycling performance of Li||NMC622 cells with different electrolytes under practical conditions. All cells were composed of thick cathode (3.8 mAh cm⁻²), thinner LMA (50 µm), and lean electrolyte (3 g Ah⁻¹). All Li||NMC622 cells were charged at C/3 and discharged at C/3 after two formation cycles at C/10 charge and discharge.