Table 1.
Item mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) and difference (effect size and t) between students’ actual (A) and preferred (P) scores on the adapted OLES for their online geography lessons
| OLES scale | M | SD | Difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | P | Diff | A | P | Effect size | t | |
| Computer usage (CU) | 3.80 | 3.26 | − 0.54 | 0.72 | 0.74 | − 0.48 | − 5.71** |
| Teacher support (TS) | 3.76 | 4.00 | 0.24 | 0.69 | 0.60 | 0.26 | 2.76** |
| Student interaction & collaboration (SIC) | 3.72 | 3.22 | − 0.50 | 0.88 | 0.84 | − 0.48 | − 4.21** |
| Personal relevance (PR) | 3.84 | 3.77 | − 0.07 | 0.75 | 0.67 | − 0.07 | − 0.73 |
| Authentic learning (AL) | 3.95 | 3.94 | − 0.01 | 0.73 | 0.74 | − 0.01 | − 0.18 |
| Student autonomy (SA) | 4.19 | 4.07 | − 0.12 | 0.69 | 0.68 | − 0.15 | − 1.12 |
| Equity (EQ) | 4.08 | 3.96 | − 0.12 | 0.68 | 0.70 | -0.14 | − 1.24 |
| Asynchronicity (AS) | 3.83 | 3.79 | − 0.04 | 0.77 | 0.64 | − 0.04 | − 0.36 |
**P < 0.01, n = 99, Average item mean = scale mean divided by the number of items in that scale
Effect size = difference between means divided by the pooled SD
The individual student score was used as the unit of analysis