Table 3.

Simple correlations (r), multiple regression (R), standardized regression coefficients (β) between the scales of OSE and significant predictors of OLES and QTI

OSE scale	Significant predictors	β	t	r	R	R2	Adjusted R2	F
Skills	Teacher support	0.38	2.81**	0.61**	0.70	0.49	0.47	22.39**
	Asynchronicity	0.26	2.43*	0.58**
	Understanding	0.51	3.45**	0.56**
	Helpful/friendly	− 0.32	-2.43*	0.34**
Emotions	Personal relevance	0.41	5.14**	0.72**	0.81	0.66	0.65	45.45**
	Student autonomy	0.17	2.01*	0.59**
	Understanding	0.51	5.72**	0.64**
	Dissatisfied	0.24	3.03**	− 0.21*
Participation	Personal relevance	0.41	5.02**	0.73**	0.82	0.68	0.67	65.85**
	Student interaction and collaboration	0.32	5.03**	0.70**
	Computer usage	0.21	2.49*	0.65**
Performance	Authentic learning	0.67	6.01**	0.52**	0.52	0.27	0.26	36.13**

**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05

The individual student score was used as the unit of analysis