Figure 1.

Binding of mono-, di-, and tetravalent mannose ligands to M1 and M2 macrophages

(A) Biotinylated mono-, di- or tetravalent mannose ligands were complexed with AF488-labeled streptavidin and incubated with human CD14+ monocyte-derived M1 and M2 macrophages. The mean fluorescence index (MFI) of AF488 was quantified using flow cytometry to determine the binding affinity of each ligand (n = 2, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA analysis). The error bars represent standard deviation.

(B) Expression of CD206 in M1 was quantified by flow cytometry (n = 3, “∗∗∗∗” = p < 0.0001, Welch’s t test). The error bars represent standard deviation.

(C) Expression of CD206 in M2 was quantified by flow cytometry (n = 3, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, Welch’s t test). The error bars represent standard deviation.

(D) Expression of CD206 on M1 and M2 detected by western blot with beta-actin as a loading control. The blank lanes between the samples were removed to allow better comparison.