Table 2.
Odds ratios for severe COVID-19 outcomes (mechanical ventilation, CRRT, and death after intensive care unit admission) associated with history of chronic kidney disease and cardiometabolic risk factors
| Severe COVID-19 outcomes, history of CKD and cardiometabolic risk factors | Adjusted for age and sex and SES |
Multiadjusted modela |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||||
| CKD | 3.47 | 2.97–4.06 | 0.000 | 2.20 | 1.85–2.62 | 0.000 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 1.15 | 0.71–1.86 | 0.563 | 1.17 | 0.72–1.88 | 0.526 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 2.34 | 2.16–2.52 | 0.000 | 1.70 | 1.55–1.86 | 0.000 |
| Hypertension | 2.02 | 1.88–2.18 | 0.000 | 1.57 | 1.44–1.70 | 0.000 |
| Obesity | 5.35 | 4.86–5.90 | 0.000 | 4.02 | 3.62–4.56 | 0.000 |
| CVD | 1.46 | 1.33–1.60 | 0.000 | 0.91 | 0.81–1.02 | 0.102 |
| CRRT | ||||||
| CKD | 12.83 | 9.73–16.91 | 0.000 | 7.36 | 5.39–10.05 | 0.000 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 2.55 | 1.10–5.94 | 0.030 | 2.16 | 1.01–4.63 | 0.048 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 3.08 | 2.58–3.68 | 0.000 | 1.76 | 1.42–2.19 | 0.000 |
| Hypertension | 2.86 | 2.38–3.44 | 0.000 | 1.74 | 1.41–2.15 | 0.000 |
| Obesity | 6.76 | 5.42–8.42 | 0.000 | 4.17 | 3.22–5.40 | 0.000 |
| CVD | 1.67 | 1.34–2.07 | 0.000 | 0.91 | 0.69–1.21 | 0.534 |
| Death any time after admission ICU | ||||||
| CKD | 3.89 | 3.10–4.87 | 0.000 | 2.51 | 1.96–3.22 | 0.000 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 0.97 | 0.39–2.41 | 0.955 | 1.05 | 0.44–2.51 | 0.906 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 2.24 | 1.98–2.53 | 0.000 | 1.65 | 1.42–1.90 | 0.000 |
| Hypertension | 1.86 | 1.64–2.10 | 0.000 | 1.36 | 1.18–1.56 | 0.000 |
| Obesity | 5.33 | 4.56–6.23 | 0.000 | 3.70 | 3.10–4.43 | 0.000 |
| CVD | 1.68 | 1.47–1.93 | 0.000 | 1.14 | 0.96–1.34 | 0.143 |
CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; SES, socioeconomic status.
Results are based on complete case analysis with no missing data on covariates (4479 cases and 46,012 control subjects).
a
The model adjusted for age, sex, educational level, income, marital status, region of birth, and the following conditions: CKD, diabetes type 1, diabetes type 2, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and CVD.