. 2023 Jan 5;9(1):e12841. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12841

Table 9.

The test of mediating effect based on environmental pollution.

VARIABLES	Model (1)	Model (2)	Model (4)	Model (5)	Model (6)	Model (7)
VARIABLES	QGI	QGI	ENV	QGI	ENV	QGI
ENV				−0.0207**		−0.0139*
				(-2.5718)		(-1.6486)
TS	−0.0730***	−0.0787***	−0.1361**	−0.0819***	0.0858	−0.0834***
	(-5.5889)	(-6.0275)	(-2.2553)	(-5.9430)	(1.5588)	(-4.1554)
INIT*TS		0.0268*			−0.1320*	0.0120
		(1.7056)			(-1.9478)	(0.6178)
L.ENV			0.7194***		0.8761***
			(14.3298)		(19.2453)
L2.ENV			−0.0579***		−0.0683**
			(-2.7347)		(-2.0062)
L.QGI	0.5257***	0.5551***		0.4778***		0.4800***
	(8.6961)	(8.0089)		(7.8974)		(6.3117)
L2.QGI	0.1128***	0.1002**		0.1072***		0.1085**
	(2.9351)	(2.3761)		(2.8670)		(2.0171)
Control	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Observations	3912	3912	3912	3912	3912	3912
AR1	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
AR2	0.3174	0.5282	0.0000	0.3244	0.0001	0.3814
$χ^{2}$	8837	12800	4217	7120	9071	6587

Notes: Samples with missing data of variables have been excluded. The numbers in the parentheses denote z values. *, **, and *** denote variables significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively.