Table 2.
The composition and the measured responses of the central composite face-centered design (CCFD) for preparation of ZP-NLCs.a, b, c
| Formulations Independent variables Responses |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formula code |
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 |
||||||||
| X1 | X2 | X3 | EE (%) | PS (nm) | PDI | ⁎ ZP (mV) | Q8 h (%) | DE (%) | |
| Factorial points | |||||||||
| NLC-1 | 100 | 100 | 10 | 95.90 ± 2.05 | 70.11 ± 20.76 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | −25.50 ± 2.83 | 92.37 ± 3.44 | 91.24 ± 1.36 |
| NLC-2 | 400 | 100 | 10 | 70.60 ± 2.97 | 153.88 ± 18.39 | 0.37 ± 0.13 | −24.75 ± 3.04 | 47.59 ± 3.13 | 79.48 ± 2.52 |
| NLC-3 | 100 | 300 | 10 | 98.01 ± 0.98 | 55.60 ± 23.28 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | −27.75 ± 3.39 | 77.53 ± 1.37 | 86.84 ± 3.28 |
| NLC-4 | 400 | 300 | 10 | 78.52 ± 4.21 | 120.80 ± 41.41 | 0.45 ± 0.28 | −29.4 ± 4.81 | 43.52 ± 3.85 | 78.26 ± 5.18 |
| NLC-5 | 100 | 100 | 180 | 93.50 ± 4.53 | 68.20 ± 27.81 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | −33.05 ± 4.03 | 78.89 ± 2.86 | 87.76 ± 2.77 |
| NLC-6 | 400 | 100 | 180 | 65.12 ± 4.81 | 122.30 ± 12.88 | 0.42 ± 0.11 | −32.20 ± 4.53 | 51.51 ± 4.65 | 77.37 ± 1.12 |
| NLC-7 | 100 | 300 | 180 | 92.00 ± 3.54 | 53.20 ± 14.24 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | −32.80 ± 5.66 | 76.87 ± 3.80 | 85.96 ± 2.01 |
| NLC-8 | 400 | 300 | 180 | 76.66 ± 4.40 | 104.51 ± 41.23 | 0.40 ± 0.12 | −34.10 ± 4.86 | 44.21 ± 1.40 | 79.36 ± 2.12 |
| Axial points | |||||||||
| NLC-9 | 100 | 200 | 95 | 97.32 ± 1.16 | 59.24 ± 23.88 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | −29.70 ± 5.57 | 63.18 ± 1.87 | 84.97 ± 0.33 |
| NLC-10 | 400 | 200 | 95 | 75.60 ± 3.11 | 120.00 ± 17.07 | 0.43 ± 0.05 | −31.50 ± 2.83 | 34.94 ± 4.17 | 74.63 ± 2.64 |
| NLC-11 | 250 | 100 | 95 | 90.93 ± 6.24 | 94.84 ± 13.34 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | −32.50 ± 3.61 | 34.33 ± 3.07 | 73.99 ± 0.98 |
| NLC-12 | 250 | 300 | 95 | 92.20 ± 3.82 | 84.60 ± 44.38 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | −33.51 ± 4.81 | 39.90 ± 0.42 | 76.26 ± 3.51 |
| NLC-13 | 250 | 200 | 10 | 91.17 ± 4.50 | 91.80 ± 32.69 | 0.29 ± 0.23 | −26.70 ± 3.11 | 42.92 ± 2.80 | 76.36 ± 3.03 |
| NLC-14 | 250 | 200 | 180 | 93.65 ± 4.31 | 82.11 ± 33.01 | 0.27 ± 0.13 | −33.40 ± 4.10 | 46.04 ± 2.06 | 77.30 ± 1.27 |
| Center points | |||||||||
| NLC-15 | 250 | 200 | 95 | 92.63 ± 2.87 | 86.10 ± 13.39 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | −32.55 ± 4.31 | 39.49 ± 2.67 | 76.08 ± 1.58 |
| NLC-16 | 250 | 200 | 95 | 92.00 ± 4.95 | 86.10 ± 24.74 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | −33.55 ± 5.66 | 39.49 ± 2.39 | 75.95 ± 2.83 |
| NLC-17 | 250 | 200 | 95 | 93.00 ± 4.95 | 84.33 ± 20.10 | 0.32 ± 0.14 | −33.05 ± 3.61 | 47.60 ± 3.96 | 77.37 ± 1.12 |
| NLC-OP | 100 | 116.56 | 10 | 2.44 ± 94.31 | 13.57 ± 71.76 | 0.097 ± 0.15 | −25.71 ± 2.69 | 83.89 ± 1.77 | 88.63 ± 2.01 |
X1: Palmitic acid amount (mg).
X2: Poloxamer 407 amount (mg).
X3: Sonication time (sec).
a
All formulae are prepared by using 25 mg zopiclone.
b
All data are presented as mean ± SD; n = 3.
c
Fixed amount of cod liver oil (liquid lipid) is added in all formulae.
⁎
ZP: Zeta potential.