Table 2.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of 37 children with idiopathic and non-idiopathic ocular motor apraxia (OMA).
| Idiopathic OMA n=17 | Non-idiopathic OMA n=20 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age at presentation, median (range) | 19 months (5 months to 13 years) | 23 months (4 months to 11 years) | 0.96 |
| Sex (M/F) | 9 (53%) / 8 (47%) | 12 (60%) / 8 (40%) | 0.46 |
| Ophthalmic characteristics | |||
| Head thrusts | 15 (88%) | 16 (80%) | 0.67 |
| Asymmetric OMA | 3 (18%) | 1 (5%) | 0.32 |
| Vertical OMA | 0 (0%) | 5 (25%) | 0.049* |
| Strabismus | 2 (12%) | 9 (45%) | 0.04* |
| Strabismus subtypes | 0.35 | ||
| Intermittent exotropia | 1 (6%) | 4 (20%) | |
| Sensory exotropia | 0 | 1 (5%) | |
| Intermittent esotropia | 0 | 2 (10%) | |
| Constant esotropia | 0 | 1 (5%) | |
| Superior oblique palsy | 1 (6%) | 0 | |
| Skew deviation | 0 | 1 (5%) | |
| Nystagmus | 0 | 6 (30%) | 0.02* |
| Other ophthalmic diagnosesa | 3 (18%) | 6 (30%) | 0.46 |
| Systemic characteristics | |||
| Abnormal neuroimaging | 3 (18%) | 18 (90%) | <0.0001* |
| Developmental delay | 10 (59%) | 20 (100%) | 0.0019* |
| Endocrinopathy | 2 (12%) | 4 (20%) | 0.67 |
a
Other ophthalmic diagnoses included optic atrophy, chorioretinal coloboma, ptosis, and microphthalmia.
*
p<0.05