Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| No AVC at baseline and follow-up (n = 287) | No AVC at baseline, AVC at follow-up (n = 415) | AVC at baseline and follow-up (n = 220) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64.5 ± 3.4 | 66.1 ± 4.3 | 67.7 ± 4.4 | <0.001 |
| Male | 108 (37.6) | 197 (47.5) | 135 (61.4) | <0.001 |
| Active smoker | 28 (9.9) | 58 (14.5) | 28 (13.0) | 0.200 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0 ± 3.5 | 27.8 ± 3.8 | 28.2 ± 3.6 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141 ± 17 | 143 ± 18 | 144 ± 18 | 0.093 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81 ± 9 | 81 ± 10 | 81 ± 10 | 0.955 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.74 ± 0.89 | 5.83 ± 0.96 | 5.70 ± 1.00 | 0.224 |
| High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.51 ± 0.41 | 1.46 ± 0.38 | 1.36 ± 0.37 | <0.001 |
| Non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.23 ± 0.87 | 4.36 ± 0.95 | 4.34 ± 1.00 | 0.171 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dL) | 10 (5, 28) | 13 (5, 38) | 13 (6, 59) | 0.024 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 78 ± 15 | 80 ± 15 | 82 ± 16 | 0.010 |
| Use of blood pressure–lowering medication | 47 (16.5) | 83 (20.3) | 64 (29.5) | 0.002 |
| Use of lipid-lowering medication | 82 (28.9) | 134 (32.8) | 78 (35.9) | 0.237 |
| Aortic valve calcium score on baseline (Agatston units) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 52 (15, 131) | <0.001 |
| Aortic valve calcium score on follow-up (Agatston units) | 0 (0, 0) | 33 (9, 103) | 241 (118, 667) | <0.001 |
Values are original, non-imputed data, depicted as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed data, median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed data, and as number (percentage) for categorical data.