Table 2.

Relationship of lipoprotein(a) with baseline, onset, and progression of aortic valve calcification

	Baseline aortic valve calcification OR (95% CI)	P-value	Onset of aortic valve calcification OR (95% CI)	P-value	Progression of aortic valve calcificationa Beta (95% CI)	P-value
Lipoprotein(a) (per 50 mg/dL higher)	1.43 (1.15–1.79)	0.001	1.30 (1.02–1.65)	0.036	−71 (−177; 35)	0.186
Age (per 5 years higher)	1.88 (1.56–2.26)	<0.001	1.86 (1.48–2.33)	<0.001	38 (−55; 131)	0.425
Male sex	2.07 (1.47–3.36)	<0.001	1.66 (1.11–2.48)	0.014	−56 (−257; 146)	0.586
Body mass index (per SD higher)	1.26 (1.07–1.48)	0.006	1.27 (1.08–1.50)	0.004	1 (−81; 84)	0.976
Active smoking	1.14 (0.70–1.84)	0.599	1.77 (1.08–2.90)	0.024	17 (−224; 257)	0.892
Dyslipidaemia	1.46 (1.05–2.03)	0.023	1.26 (0.91–1.75)	0.170	−79 (−253; 95)	0.373
Hypertension	1.06 (0.70–1.84)	0.756	1.00 (0.72–1.41)	0.969	−165 (−347; 17)	0.075
Creatinine (per SD higher)	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	0.619	0.95 (0.78–1.16)	0.609	67 (−31; 166)	0.179

Data are depicted as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for baseline and onset of aortic valve calcification, and betas with 95% CI for aortic valve calcium score progression, measured in Agatston units (AU).

^aThe progression analysis is also adjusted for baseline aortic valve calcium score using restricted cubic splines with 2 knots, placed at 100 and 500 AU, respectively, which was the only variable associated with progression of aortic valve calcification (P < 0.001). R² of the progression model = 0.58.