Figure 1. Phenotypic factor mediation model in males and females.

Note. Path diagram depicting mediation relationships between Sexual Orientation (SO), Psychosocial Adversity (PSA), SU (Substance Use) and Lifetime Sexual Partners (LSP) latent factors with standardized path coefficients. Factors were scaled by fixing one loading per factor to 1. SO = Sexual orientation, Dep = Depressive symptoms, Anx = Generalized anxiety symptoms, Alc = Alcohol Use, Can = Cannabis use, Drg = Other illicit drug use, ELA = Early-life adversity, IPV = Intimate partner violence. e₁ – e₇ = residual variances for corresponding indicator variables. Solid lines indicate significant paths while dotted lines indicate nonsignificant paths.