Table 4:

Summary of incidence, molecular expression, prognosis and treatment of sinonasal malignancies

Disease entity	Incidence	Molecular expression	Prognosis
Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma	61% of sinonasal cancers	TP53, EGFR, FGFR1, SOX2 amplification, microsatellite instability, KRAS rarely	5-year OS 50%
Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma	27% of sinonasal cancers	ETV6 fusions rarely seen	5-year OS 66.7%
Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma	2% of sinonasal cancers	mutations of TP53 and RB1, up-regulation of BCL2 signaling, and activation of MYC and PI3K pathways	5-year DSS 70.2%
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma	5% of sinonasal cancers	IDH2 mutations, P53 mutations, CDKN2A/2B loss-of-, MYC amplification SETD2	5-year OS 34.9%
Primary Mucosal Melanoma	Rare (< 1%)	KIT, BRAF, loss of p16 expression, CDKN2A mutations, and/or loss of heterozygosity for CDKN2A	5-year OS 22%
NUT Carcinoma	Rare (< 1%)	Translocations involving the NUT gene on 15q14, TP53 suppression	2-year OS 0%
Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma	Rare (< 1%)	JAK/STAT activation, mutations of DDX3X, dmutations in tumor suppressor genes such as TP53, PRDM1, FOXO3, and HACE2	5-year OS 42%
Esthesioneuroblastoma	2–6%	TP53, c-kit, PDGFR-b, EGFR, FGF-FGFR1 signaling, Sonic hedgehog pathway; apoptosis-related pathways (Bcl-2, TRAIL) and neoangiogenesis (VEGF; KDR)	5-year OS 62%