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. 2023 Jan 14;21:26. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03863-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — TGF-β1 secreted by M2-TAMs contributes to cisplatinum resistance by promoting stemness. A CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cisplatin IC50 values of ESCC sphere cells and parental cells. B CCK-8 assay analyzed the changes of the absorbance at 450 nm of EC109 sphere cells and EC9706 sphere cells compared with parental cells after 4ug/ml cisplatin for different time points (24, 48, 72 h). C Plate cloning-formation assay detected the proliferation abilities of ESCC cells in 4ug/ml cisplatin medium. D FCM assay was used to analyze the changes of apoptosis level of ESCC parental cells and sphere cells in 4ug/ml cisplatin. E FCM assay was used to analyze the changes of apoptosis rates of ESCC sphere cells and parental cells treated with rhTGF-β1 in 4ug/ml cisplatin medium. F CCK-8 assay detected the changes of absorbance at 450 nm of ESCC sphere cells in 4ug/ml cisplatin medium after treated with M2-CM, M2-CM + SB431542 for different time points (24, 48, 72 h). G Plate cloning-formation assay detected the changes of the cell proliferation ability of ESCC sphere cells in 4ug/ml cisplatin medium after pretreated with M2-CM, M2-CM + SB431542 for 24 h. H FCM assay detected the changes of apoptosis rate of ESCC sphere cells in 4ug/ml cisplatin medium after pretreated with M2-CM, M2-CM + SB431542 for 24 h. All experiments were repeated three times, and the results were expressed as mean ± SD, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001