Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of the Study Subjects According to Their Sarcopenic Obesity Status

Characteristics	Optimal (n=910)	Sarcopenia (n=158)	Obesity (n=278)	Sarcopenic obesity (n=845)	p-value
Age, yr	50.72±10.60	55.73±10.14	52.61±10.35	54.68±10.75	<0.001
Sex, male/female	578/332	21/137	256/22	513/332
Skeletal muscle mass index, %	32.00±2.91	26.20±1.42	31.21±1.93	26.38±2.75	<0.001
Body fat mass, %	22.80±5.33	31.43±3.92	27.98±3.43	34.80±5.95	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m2	23.00±2.66	23.01±2.11	26.72±2.43	27.87±3.71	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	120.35±12.30	121.09±11.24	122.47±11.44	123.97±11.69	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	71.39±8.65	70.92±7.79	72.20±9.27	72.8±8.31	0.002
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL	100.2±20.63	99.57±19.53	107.16±22.18	108.3±26.45	<0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	202.01±41.39	208.64±45.44	201.73±40.00	208.23±42.96	0.006
Triglyceride, mg/dL	124.2±101.81	125.09±70.00	163.16±81.13	161.69±106.17	<0.001
HDL-C, mg/dL	57.56±14.29	60.52±14.52	50.38±10.60	52.36±11.95	<0.001
LDL-C, mg/dL	125.56±33.50	128.39±33.89	131.58±32.35	131.87±33.75	<0.001
Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L	29.77±16.92	30.52±24.00	33.28±15.97	34.36±22.44	0.001
Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L	26.99±18.43	27.47±15.02	36.30±21.80	37.52±28.62	<0.001
γ-Glutamyl transferase, IU/L	31.37±40.76	35.00±138.01	42.96±28.90	45.20±49.86	<0.001
Insulin, μIU/mL	6.15±3.60	6.37±2.65	9.33±4.75	10.45±6.02	<0.001
Diabetes, %	122 (13.4)	28 (17.7)	46 (16.5)	168 (19.9)	<0.001
Smoking, %	182 (20.7)	6 (4.2)	75 (27.3)	163 (20.4)	<0.001
Exercise, %	680 (76.2)	111 (71.6)	214 (78.1)	519 (64.9)	<0.001
CAP, dB/m	235.15±49.64	236.66±53.17	267.87±47.43	278.71±54.35	<0.001
Liver stiffness, kPa	4.08±3.12	3.83±1.88	4.39±1.46	4.69±1.93	<0.001

Data are presented as mean±SD or number (%).

HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CAP, controlled attenuation parameter.