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. 2023 Jan 15;13:778. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27784-0

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics and intestinal barrier markers of participants.

Factor Non OSA (n = 11) Mild OSA (n = 11) Moderate OSA (n = 11) Severe OSA (n = 15) P
Demographics
   Age (years) 38(33–40) 38(33–49) 40(35–51) 35(30–45) 0.542
   Gender (males) 7(64%) 6(55%) 9(82%) 15(100%)* 0.014
   BMI (Kg/m2) 24.01 ± 3.11 26.33 ± 2.29 26.49 ± 3.68 28.72 ± 3.38* 0.006
   Hypertension (%) 0(0%) 2(18%) 3(27%) 4(27%) 0.302
   Diabetes (%) 0(0%) 1(9%) 1(9%) 4(27%) 0.266
PSG date
  AHI (events/h) 2.1 (1.5–2.5) 6.6(5.4–10.3)* 18.7(16.7–20.6)* 59.1 (54.6–73.0)*  < 0.001
  Mean SaO2 (%) 95 (95–97) 95(94–96) 95(94–96) 93(88–94)*  < 0.001
  Lowest SaO2 (%) 90(86–93) 87(83–88) 82(75–85)* 63(52–75)*  < 0.001
Intestinal barrier markers
  D-LA (mmol/L) 1.40(0.01–2.74) 7.73(4.19–11.52)* 7.88(6.09–10.58)* 8.74(5.94–16.36)*  < 0.001
  I-FABP (pg/mL) 1112.55 ± 346.91 1443.33 ± 530.17 1914.30 ± 845.35* 2055.32 ± 880.91* 0.010

BMI, body mass index; AHI, apnea–hypopnea index; SaO2, pulse oxygen saturation; D-LA, D-lactic acid; I-FABP, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein.

values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or number (percentage).

p values based on Kruskal–Wallis or Chi-Squared (Fisher's Exact Test) or ANOVA test.

*p values significant for the comparison of OSA groups versus No OSA Subjects.