Table 2.

Terms commonly used to describe ingredients and products containing non-nutrient bioactives.

Term	Definition and examples
Functional ingredient	Ingredients with positive effects or functions beyond those of nutrients alone.
Functional food	A food claimed to have an additional beneficial function by adding new ingredients or more of existing ingredients that have this function. The term also applies to any modified food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond that of the traditional nutrients it contains, including foods with traits purposely bred into existing edible plants.
Nutraceutical	A substance, food or part of a food and produces a health benefit (Das et al., 2012).
Traditional or herbal medicine (Chinese, Kampo, Ayurvedic and herbal medicines. Still others are called herbal medicines, plants, and plant extracts)	Products involving the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, used in the maintenance of health and in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement, or treatment of physical and mental illness. (World Health Organization 2019)