Table 1. Laser Parameters Used in This Study .
| Type of Laser | Nd: YAG |
| Wavelength (nm) | 1064 |
| Emission mode | Pulsed |
| Time of exposure | 2 min |
| Delivery system | lens |
| Energy distribution | 30 mJ |
| Peak power | 3.75 MW |
| Average power | 1 W |
| Spot diameter at the focus | 432 µm |
| Spot diameter at the tissue | 3.9 mm |
| Focus-to-tissue | - |
| Spot area at the tissue | 0.12 cm2 |
| Peak power density at spot area | 2.6 × 109W/cm2 |
| Peak power density at the tissue | 31 MW/cm2 |
| Average power density at spot area | 682 W/cm2 |
| Average power density at the tissue | 8.3 W/cm2 |
| Beam divergence | 0.5 mrad |
| Water irrigation | - |
| Air and aspirating airflow | - |
| Pulse width ns | 8-10 ns |
Nd: YAG, neodymium-doped ytterbium aluminum garnet laser.