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. 2022 Jun 6;13:e26. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2022.26

Table 3. Median Values (25% and 75% Percentiles), Paired Sample Statistics & Effect Size of Measured Outcomes .

Outcomes	Pre-Therapy	Post-Therapy	Wilcoxon Signed Test Score		d*
Outcomes	Pre-Therapy	Post-Therapy	Z-score	Asymp. Sig. (2-Tailed)	d*
VAS	7 (6; 8)	1 (0; 2)	-6.457	0.000	3.49
ODI	32 (29; 35)	17(16; 19)	-6.457	0.000	3.39
LFLEX	32 (29; 36)	47 (44; 49)	-6.461	0.000	3.11
LEXT	12 (9; 13)	18 (17; 20)	-6.46	0.000	2.51

d^* (Cohen effect size: d < 0.2, small; 0.2 < d < 0.8, medium; d > 0.8, large).

LFLEX, lumbar flexion range of motion; LEXT, lumbar extension range of motion