Table 1.
OptumInsight Dataset Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes.a
| All |
Control (no VPA during MI) |
Case (VPA treated during MI) |
P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (1223) | % | N (1000) | % | N (223) | % | ||
|
| |||||||
| Bipolar disorder | 386 | (31.6) | 323 | (32.3) | 63 | (28.3) | .239 |
| Epilepsy | 202 | (16.5) | 160 | (16.0) | 42 | (18.8) | .303 |
| Male | 708 | (57.9) | 576 | (57.6) | 132 | (59.2) | .663 |
| Race | .820 | ||||||
| Black | 163 | (13.3) | 131 | (13.1) | 32 | (14.3) | |
| White | 748 | (61.2) | 611 | (61.1) | 137 | (61.4) | |
| Race not reported | 312 | (25.5) | 258 | (25.8) | 54 | (24.2) | |
| STEMI | 516 | (42.2) | 421 | (42.1) | 95 | (42.6) | .891 |
| Previous MI | 127 | (10.4) | 103 | (10.3) | 24 | (10.8) | .838 |
| Dementia | 515 | (42.1) | 422 | (42.2) | 93 | (41.7) | .892 |
| PD | 380 | (31.1) | 312 | (31.2) | 68 | (30.5) | .837 |
| Diabetes | 528 | (43.2) | 429 | (42.9) | 99 | (44.4) | .513 |
| Renal dysfunction | 381 | (31.2) | 313 | (31.3) | 68 | (30.5) | .814 |
| Obesity | 144 | (11.8) | 132 | (13.2) | 12 | (5.4) | .001 |
| Hypertension | 925 | (75.6) | 753 | (75.3) | 172 | (77.1) | .565 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 553 | (45.2) | 450 | (45) | 103 | (46.2) | .747 |
| Smoker | 54 | (4.4) | 51 | (5.1) | 3 | (1.3) | .011 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 221 | (18.1) | 178 | (17.8) | 43 | (19.3) | .603 |
| Valvular disease | 254 | (20.8) | 201 | (20.1) | 53 | (23.8) | .222 |
| Stroke | 185 | (15.1) | 138 | (13.8) | 47 | (21.1) | .006 |
| Beta blocker | 368 | (30.1) | 296 | (29.6) | 72 | (32.3) | .429 |
| ACE inhibitor | 344 | (28.1) | 281 | (28.1) | 63 | (28.3) | .964 |
| ARB | 81 | (6.6) | 64 | (6.4) | 17 | (7.6) | .507 |
| Statin | 349 | (28.5) | 277 | (27.7) | 72 | (32.3) | .170 |
| MRA | 11 | (0.9) | 9 | (0.9) | 2 | (0.9) | 1.000 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 100 | (8.2) | 79 | (7.9) | 21 | (9.4) | .455 |
| Loop diuretic | 203 | (16.6) | 165 | (16.5) | 38 | (17.0) | .845 |
| Thiazide diuretic | 139 | (11.4) | 114 | (11.4) | 25 | (11.2) | .936 |
| CCB | 222 | (18.2) | 180 | (18) | 42 | (18.8) | .770 |
| Digoxin | 37 | (3.0) | 31 | (3.1) | 6 | (2.7) | .747 |
| PCI | 140 | (11.4) | 113 | (11.3) | 27 | (12.1) | .732 |
| CABG | 46 | (3.8) | 38 | (3.8) | 8 | (3.6) | .880 |
| Death | 267 | (21.8) | 181 | (18.1) | 86 | (38.6) | <.0001 |
| Heart failure | 502 | (41.0) | 421 | (42.1) | 81 | (36.3) | .113 |
| Age | 76 | (±22) | 76 | (±22) | 75 | (±23) | .166 |
| Follow up | 33 | (±216) | 34 | (±237) | 31 | (±132) | .821 |
| Low-dose VPA (<1000 mg/day) | 141 | (11.5) | 0 | 0 | 141 | (63.2) | 1.000 |
| High-dose VPA (≥ 1000 mg/day) | 82 | (6.7) | 0 | 0 | 82 | (36.8) | 1.000 |
Abbreviations: STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; MI, myocardial infarction; PD, pulmonary disease; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; CCB, calcium channel blocker; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; VPA, valproic acid.
a
Bolded P-values indicate P < .05.