Table 3.
Comparisons of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki disease.
| Demographics | MIS-C | Kawasaki disease |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ≤20 years, peak 6–11 years | <5 years |
| Male: female ratio | 3:2 | 1.5:1 |
| Ethnicity | High incidence in Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea | High incidence in children of African and Hispanic heritage |
| Clinical features | ||
| Fever | 100% (+), ≥1 day | 100% (+), ≥5 days |
| Conjunctival injection | 31%–83% | >90% |
| Red, fissured lips | 30%–50% | >90% |
| Strawberry tongue | 10% | >90% |
| Cervical lymphadenopathy | 20%–70% | 20%–70% |
| Skin rashes | 50%–70% | >90% |
| Morphology | Macule, papules, urticarial-like, petechia, purpura | Macule, papules, urticarial-like |
| BCG scar erythema | rare | 30%–40% |
| Palmar/plantar edema and erythema | 26%–68% | 75% |
| Shock | 40%–80% | 2%–7% |
| Gastrointestinal symptom | 60%–100% | 20% |
| Dyspnea | 19%–29% | Rare |
| Neurological symptom | 13%–35% | 5%–39% |
| Laboratory findings | ||
| Lymphopenia | 37%–81% | rare |
| Thrombocytopenia | 11%–31% | Uncommon |
| Inflammatory markers | Increased ∼100% | Increased ∼100% |
| Increased troponin | 33%–95% | rare |
| Increased proBNP | 73%–95% | rare |
| Increased ferritin | 54%–75% | rare |
| Increased D-dimer | 91%–98% | rare |
| Sterile pyuria | 50% | 50% |
| Coronary artery dilatation | 14%–48% | 10%–30% |
| Mortality rate | 1%–3% | <0.5% |
BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; proBNP, pro-brain natriuretic peptide.