Table 1.

Overview of studies included in the synthesis (n = 33)

Intervention category	Intervention type	Study design and ID
1. Infrastructure (n = 31)	1.1 Green or other spaces (e.g. upgrade or construction of parks, play/open streets) (n = 13)	1 cRCT: Veitch 2018 [43] 11 CBA studies: Goldsby 2016 [44], Cortinez O'Ryan 2017 [45], D’Haese 2015 [46], Quigg 2012 [47], Kubota 2019 [48], Ward Thompson 2019 [49], Richardson 2020 [50], Bohn-Goldbaum 2013 [51], Tester 2009 [52], Cohen 2009 [53], Slater 2016 [54] 1 ITS study: Branas 2011 [39]
	1.2 Active transport (new/upgraded cycling/walking infrastructure) (n = 18)	16 CBA studies: Østergaard 2015 [55], Goodman 2013 [56], Fitzhugh 2010 [57], Rissel 2015 [58], Jung 2017 [59], Brown 2016 [60], Benjamin Neelon 2015 [61]; McDonald 2013 [62], Prins 2017 [63], Frank 2019 [64], Dill 2014 [65] , Hong 2016 [66], Hirsch 2017 [67], West 2011 [68] [68], Pazin 2016 [69], Chapman 2014 [70] 2 ITS studies: Skov-Petersen 2017 [42]; Grunseit 2019 [40]
2. Policy and regulations (n = 2)	2.1 Access to PA facilities	1 ITS study: Higgerson 2018 [41] (includes CBA analysis)
	2.2 Free bus travel	1 CBA study: Green 2014 [71]