. 2023 Jan 16;49(2):191–204. doi: 10.1007/s00134-022-06949-x

Table 1.

Population characteristics of the intention-to-treat (ITT) population according to date of first ICU admission

Variable	Control (n = 414)	Intervention (n = 1048)
Age (years), mean (SD)	68.74 (14.41)	67.25 (14.88)
Gender, n (%)
Female	186 (44.9%)	477 (45.5%)
Male	228 (55.1%)	571 (54.5%)
Admission status, n (%)
Medical	208 (50.2%)	449 (42.8%)
Emergency surgery	105 (25.4%)	319 (30.4%)
Elective surgery	93 (22.5%)	259 (24.7%)
Missing	8 (1.9%)	21 (2%)
Admission source, n (%)
Emergency medical services	141 (32%)	276 (24.8%)
Surgical	167 (38%)	499 (44.8%)
Normal ward	87 (19.8%)	173 (15.5%)
Other ICU	20 (4.5%)	86 (7.7%)
External	25 (5.7%)	79 (7.1%)
ICU primary admission diagnosis, n (%)
Respiratory	49 (11.7%)	102 (9.8%)
Sepsis/infection	65 (15.5%)	167 (16%)
Gastrointestinal	47 (11.2%)	104 (10%)
Cardiovascular	101 (24%)	281 (27%)
Trauma	42 (10%)	92 (8.8%)
Neurologic	33 (7.9%)	107 (10.3%)
Metabolic or endocrine	20 (4.8%)	36 (3.5%)
Oncologic	55 (13.1%)	140 (13.4%)
Other†	8 (1.9%)	13 (1.2%)
SOFA score (at first QI day)
Mean (SD)	4.32 (3.9)	6.14 (3.88)
Median (IQR)	4 (1–7)	6.00 (3–9)
SAPS II score (at first QI day)
Mean (SD)	30.58 (18.61)	36.17 (18.9)
Median (IQR)	28 (16.00–42.25)	35 (22–48)
Missing, n (%)	2 (< 0.01%)	10 (0.01%)

Variable

Control (n = 414)

Intervention (n = 1048)

Age (years), mean (SD)

68.74

(14.41)

67.25

(14.88)

Gender, n (%)

Female

186

(44.9%)

477

(45.5%)

Male

228

(55.1%)

571

(54.5%)

Admission status, n (%)

Medical

208

(50.2%)

449

(42.8%)

Emergency surgery

105

(25.4%)

319

(30.4%)

Elective surgery

(22.5%)

259

(24.7%)

Missing

(1.9%)

(2%)

Admission source, n (%)

Emergency medical services

141

(32%)

276

(24.8%)

Surgical

167

(38%)

499

(44.8%)

Normal ward

(19.8%)

173

(15.5%)

Other ICU

(4.5%)

(7.7%)

External

(5.7%)

(7.1%)

ICU primary admission diagnosis, n (%)

Respiratory

(11.7%)

102

(9.8%)

Sepsis/infection

(15.5%)

167

(16%)

Gastrointestinal

(11.2%)

104

(10%)

Cardiovascular

101

(24%)

281

(27%)

Trauma

(10%)

(8.8%)

Neurologic

(7.9%)

107

(10.3%)

Metabolic or endocrine

(4.8%)

(3.5%)

Oncologic

(13.1%)

140

(13.4%)

Other†

(1.9%)

(1.2%)

SOFA score (at first QI day)

Mean (SD)

4.32

(3.9)

6.14

(3.88)

Median (IQR)

(1–7)

6.00

(3–9)

SAPS II score (at first QI day)

Mean (SD)

30.58

(18.61)

36.17

(18.9)

Median (IQR)

(16.00–42.25)

(22–48)

Missing, n (%)

(< 0.01%)

(0.01%)

In the case of multiple enrolment, the first (index) ICU stay is displayed. 11 patients were enrolled on control condition during their index ICU stay, and on intervention at one or more subsequent ICU stays

ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SD standard deviation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score

^†Other includes removal of osteosynthesis plate, urolithiasis, medication-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw bone, pregabalin intoxication, acute kidney injury, catatonic schizophrenia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, and ureteral stenosis