Table 1.
Baseline and procedural characteristics
| Success (n = 77) | Failure (n = 36) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 57.86 ± 10.30 | 59.44 ± 10.38 | 0.448 |
| Male | 64 (83.1%) | 33 (91.7%) | 0.225 |
| BMI | 26.78 ± 5.65 | 26.65 ± 3.91 | 0.898 |
| Hypertension | 51 (66.2%) | 32 (88.9%) | 0.011 |
| Diabetes | 30 (39.0%) | 11 (30.6%) | 0.387 |
| Lipid disorder | 61 (79.2%) | 30 (83.3%) | 0.607 |
| CKD | 6 (7.8) | 4 (11.1%) | 0.723 |
| Previous MI | 21 (27.2%) | 13 (36.1%) | 0.340 |
| Previous CABG | 2 (2.6%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0.591 |
| Smoking | 38 (49.4%) | 17 (47.2%) | 0.833 |
| CTO target vessel | 0.225 | ||
| LAD | 30 (39.0%) | 15 (41.7%) | |
| LCX | 4 (5.2%) | 5 (13.9%) | |
| RCA | 43 (55.8%) | 16 (44.4%) | |
| MVD | 50 (64.9%) | 24 (66.7%) | 0.927 |
| Retrograde approach | 35 (45.5%) | 14 (38.9%) | 0.512 |
| EF ≤ 50% | 10 (13.0%) | 3 (8.3%) | 0.546 |
| Duration since last attempt ≥ 3 months | 36 (46.8%) | 21 (58.3%) | 0.251 |
| CTO segment length ≥ 20 mm | 30 (39.0%) | 21 (58.3%) | 0.054 |
| Calcification | 29 (37.7%) | 24 (66.7%) | 0.004 |
| Bending | 20 (26.0%) | 8 (22.2%) | 0.667 |
| Tapered proximal cap | 34 (44.2%) | 11 (30.6%) | 0.169 |
| J-CTO score > 3 | 16 (20.8%) | 16 (44.4%) | 0.009 |
| Reference vessel diameter | 2.71 ± 0.41 | 2.42 ± 0.55 | 0.002 |
| Bifurcation | 51 (66.2%) | 29 (80.6%) | 0.119 |
| ISR | 4 (5.2%) | 3 (8.3%) | 0.519 |
| Stent implantation | 76 (98.7%) | – | |
| Stent length > 100 mm | 10 (13.0%) | – | |
| Re-attempt failure reason | |||
| GW failure | 31 (86.1%) | ||
| Device failure | 2 (5.6%) | ||
| Complication | 3 (8.3%) | ||
Values are mean ± standard deviation, or n(%). BMI body mass index; CKD chronic kidney disease; MI myocardial infarction; CABG coronary artery bypass graft; CTO chronic total occlusion; LAD left anterior descending; LCX left circumflex; RCA right coronary artery; MVD multi-vessel disease; EF ejection franction; ISR in-stent restenosis