Integration of optical elastography technologies into handheld and minimally-invasive probes. (a) Handheld compression OCE device for quantitative micro-elastography of ex vivo tissue specimens. PA: PZT actuator, SB: silicone bilayer. (b) Anatomical OCE (aOCE) catheter endoscopically measure airway compliance by simultaneously capturing structural OCT image and intraluminal pressure. (c) Omni-directional viewing catheter with 4-faceted mirror for intracoronary SHEAR. OBF: optical fiber bundle, SMF: single mode fiber, GRIN: gradient index lens, MFPM: multi-faceted pyramidal mirror, DS: drive shaft, CP: circular polarizer, polycarbonate tube. Adapted with permission from: (a) [165], (b) [169], (c) [83] © Optica.