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. 2022 Dec 16;14(1):208–248. doi: 10.1364/BOE.468932

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Fig. 10. — Recent developments in parallel biomedical research fields that can help maximize the basic science impact of optical elastography technologies. Increasing attention has been given to the study of collective ‘emergent’ behaviors in 3D multicellular systems. 4D time-lapsed imaging of (a) invasion dynamics and (b) cell-mediated matrix deformation of co-culture adipose stromal cell (ASC) and MCF10AT1 cancer spheroid. (c) Traction force microscopy of cell-mediated matrix deformation by cellular clusters exhibiting different epithelial-to-mesenchymal mechanophenotypes. Adapted with permission from: (a) and (b) [202], (c) [203].