FIGURE 5.

Engineering of electrically conductive scaffolds. (a) Gold nanowires act as conductive bridges when embedded in macroporous alginate hydrogels to allow better electrical signal propagation and contractile behavior of CMs. Reproduced from Reference 116 with permission from Nature. (b) TEM micrographs showing gold nanorods distribution within a thin layer of GelMA hybrid hydrogel (1.5 mg/ml). Reproduced from Reference 117 with permission from Elsevier. (c) A conductive patch that has an auxetic design and can mimic the anisotropy of the myocardium. Reproduced from Reference 118 with permission from Wiley. (d) Nanoelectronics integrated into cardiac tissue allows spatiotemporal electrical signal propagation. Reproduced from Reference 119 with permission from Nature