TABLE 4.
The range of potential applications of CNTs in polymer fibers or scaffolds
| Conductive substrate | Properties | Conductivity or resistance | Biological effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polydimethylsiloxane/multiwall carbon nanotubes | Microporous and self‐standing | 1–4 MΩ | Increase of connexin‐43 gene expression, gap junction areas | 323 |
| Polyester–carbon nanotube | Moldable, elastomeric | 0.08 ± 0.01 mSm−1 | Increase the cardiac cell proliferation | 96 |
| Polycaprolactone carbon nanotube | 3D printed, biodegradable | 1.2 × 10−6 Scm−1 | Increase the cardiac cell proliferation | 324 |
| CNT‐polyurethane | Interconnected web‐like structures | 2.13 × 10−2 Scm−1 | Suitable cytocompatibility for H9c2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells | 325 |
| CNTs/aligned poly(glycerol sebacate):gelatin (PG) | Electrospun nanofibers | N/A | Stronger spontaneous and synchronous beating behavior | 326 |
| Polyurethane/chitosan/CNT | Aligned electrospun nanofiber, young modulus 4.34 MPa | 0.170 kΩ S−1 | Proper biocompatibility and cell attachment | 327 |
| Chitosan‐PVA‐CNT | Elastic modulus: 130 ± 3.605 MPa | 3.4 × 10−6 Scm−1 | Cell viability >80%, containing 1% of CNT has optimal properties for cardiac differentiation, the expression of Nkx2.5, Troponin I, and β‐MHC cardiac marker was increased significantly | 328 |