Table 3.
The regulation of pyroptosis on the macrophages in the process of bone loss
| Target of action | Intervention | Mechanism | Experimental models | Effect | Diseases | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NLRP3 | LPS | NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | Mice | Promoted bone loss | Osteoporosis | [114] |
| NLRP3 | HPDLCs stimulated by force | NLRP3/ IL-1β | Periodontal tissues and rats | Promoted bone loss | Root resorption | [115] |
| NLRP3 | Porphyromonas gingivalis | Porphyromonas gingivalis/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | Mice | Promoted bone loss | Periodontal disease | [116] |
| NLRP3 | MARK4 | MARK4/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | Healthy and inflamed human gingival tissues | Promoted bone loss | Periodontitis | [117] |
| NLRP3 | Mycoplasma salivarium | NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β | BMMs | Promoted bone loss | Periodontal disease | [118] |
| NLRP3 | Staphylococcus aureus | NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD | Murine and human infectious bone fragments | Promoted bone loss | Osteomyelitis | [119] |
| NLRP3 | glyburide | glyburide/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β | Human monocyte cells | Inhibited bone loss | Periodontitis | [120] |
| NLRP3 | dioscin | dioscin/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β | BMMs and MC3T3-E1 cells | Inhibited bone loss | Apical periodontitis | [91] |
| NLRP3 |
lncRNA_1810058I24Rik lncRNA_Gm12474 lncRNA_Gm41514 Metformin |
NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | Mice | Inhibited bone loss | Diabetes-associated periodontitis | [121] |
| NLRP3 | resveratrol | Resveratrol/Pink1/Parkin/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | Arthritis rats | Inhibited bone loss | Gouty arthritis | [122] |
| TLR4 | MDP | TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD | Macrophage of adjuvant arthritis rats | Inhibited bone loss | Adjuvant arthritis | [123] |
| caspase-1 | cyclic stretch | cyclic stretch/AMPK/caspase-1/IL-1β | BMMs | Inhibited bone loss | Not given | [124] |
| caspase-1 | cyclic stretch | cyclic stretch/AMPK/caspase-1/IL-1β | BMMs | Inhibited bone loss | Not given | [125] |
| caspase-1 | DEX | HMGB1/DEX/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | BMMs | Inhibited bone loss | infection and trauma-derived inflammation | [126] |
| caspase-1 | cranberry PACs | cranberry PACs/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | BMMs | Promoted bone loss | Periodontitis | [127] |
| NF-κB | PUN | PUN/NF-κB/ NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | BMMs | Inhibited bone loss | rheumatoid arthritis | [128] |
| NF-κB | cyclic stretch | cyclic stretch/NF-κB/exosomes from HPDLCs/IL-1β | Human macrophages | Inhibited bone loss | Periodontitis | [129] |
| GSDMD | deficiency | GSDMD deficiency/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | Mice | Inhibited bone loss | PTOA | [130] |
| AIM2 | GSDMD | GSDMD/AIM2/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 | BMMs | Promoted bone loss | Francisella novicida infection | [131] |