. 2023 Jan 9;2023:1725638. doi: 10.1155/2023/1725638

Table 5.

Effect of antioxidant enzymes on kidney, liver, pancreas, and brain of control and trial group rats.

Tissue	Treatment group	Total protein (μg/mg tissue)	POD (U/min)	GSH (mM/g tissue)	TBARS (nM/min/mg tissue)	CAT (U/min)	SOD (U/mg protein)
Kidney	Normal control (saline 10 ml/kg)	4.81 ± 0.04	0.08 ± 0.27	0.15 ± 0.06	0.02 ± 0.002	15.92 ± 0.04	5.34 ± 0.04
	Diabetes control (saline 10 ml/kg)	3.24 ± 0.03^∗∗∗	0.11 ± 0.06^NS	0.09 ± 0.29^∗∗∗	0.001 ± 0.32^{∗∗∗∗∗}	6.76 ± 0.04^∗∗∗	1.34 ± 0.03^∗∗
	Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg)	10.77 ± 0.69^∗∗∗	00.03 ± 0.008^∗∗	0.165 ± 0.02^NS	0.006 ± 0.002^∗∗∗	9.92 ± 0.55^∗∗∗	5.52 ± 0.42^NS
	Seed extract (100 mg/kg)	0.95 ± 0.04^∗∗∗	0.005 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	0.01 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	0.0006 ± 0.0005 ± ^∗∗∗	2.93 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	1.50 ± 0.003^∗
	Seed extract (200 mg/kg)	1.68 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	0.01 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	0.03 ± 0.06^∗∗∗	0.003 ± 0.0007^∗∗∗	17.20 ± 0.02^NS	6.44 ± 0.004^NS
	Seed extract (400 mg/kg)	3.14 ± 0.03^∗∗∗	0.04 ± 0.01^∗	0.10 ± 0.02^∗∗∗	0.01 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	42.76 ± 0.003^∗∗∗	18.32 ± 0.003^∗∗∗

Liver	Normal control (saline 10 ml/kg)	2.13 ± 0.16	0.03 ± 0.12	0.06 ± 0.01	0.007 ± 0.03	16.92 ± 0.04	6.12 ± 0.04
	Diabetes control (saline 10 ml/kg)	3.42 ± 0.03^∗∗	0.11 ± 0.003^∗∗∗	0.11 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	0.01 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	9.8 ± 0.41^∗∗∗	3.32 ± 0.16^∗∗∗
	Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg)	3.54 ± 0.29^∗∗	0.04 ± 0.004^NS	0.04 ± 0.002^∗∗	0.006 ± 0.002^NS	13.19 ± 0.60^∗∗	6.008 ± 0.23^NS
	Seed extract (100 mg/kg)	0.008 ± 0.004^∗∗∗	0.0003 ± 0.006^∗∗∗	0.001 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	0.0001 ± 0.09^∗∗∗	1.43 ± 0.004^∗∗∗	0.08 ± 0.001^∗∗∗
	Seed extract (200 mg/kg)	0.37 ± 0.008^∗∗∗	0.002 ± 0.02^∗∗∗	0.009 ± 0.04^∗∗∗	0.001 ± 0.008^∗∗∗	9.79 ± 0.004^∗∗∗	1.33 ± 0.004^∗∗∗
	Seed extract (400 mg/kg)	1.02 ± 0.02^∗∗∗	0.01 ± 0.04^∗∗∗	0.03 ± 0.03^∗∗∗	0.003 ± 0.005^∗∗	38.68 ± 0.004^∗∗∗	5.94 ± 0.003^NS

Pancreas	Normal control (saline 10 ml//kg)	1.43 ± 0.04	0.03 ± 0.21	0.04 ± 0.03	0.007 ± 0.02	8.8 ± 0.51	3.09 ± 0.04
	Diabetes control (saline 10 ml/kg)	1.37 ± 0.01^NS	0.001 ± 0.004^∗∗∗	0.04 ± 0.004^NS	0.01 ± 0.03^NS	1.82 ± 0.04^∗∗∗	3.09 ± 0.04^∗∗∗
	Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg)	1.24 ± 0.12^NS	0.07 ± 0.008^∗	0.03 ± 0.008^NS	0.006 ± 0.001^NS	6.73 ± 0.33^∗∗∗	2.92 ± 0.15^NS
	Seed extract (100 mg/kg)	0.57 ± 0.008^∗∗∗	0.0002 ± 0.08^∗∗∗	0.006 ± 0.04^∗∗∗	0.0003 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	0.25 ± 0.007^∗∗∗	0.11 ± 0.0004^∗∗∗
	Seed extract (200 mg/kg)	1.04 ± 0.02^∗	0.002 ± 0.02^∗∗∗	0.01 ± 0.04^∗∗∗	0.0009 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	2.13 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	0.79 ± 0.0004^∗∗∗
	Seed extract (400 mg/kg)	1.99 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	0.01 ± 0.004^∗∗∗	0.06 ± 0.004^∗∗∗	0.007 ± 0.02^∗	9.23 ± 0.001^NS	3.32 ± 0.002^NS

Brain	Normal control (saline 10 ml/kg)	2.65 ± 0.003	0.08 ± 0.17	0.08 ± 0.01	0.007 ± 0.005	4.40 ± 0.31	1.20 ± 0.31
	Alzheimer's control (saline 10 m//kg)	6.42 ± 0.04^∗∗∗	0.18 ± 0.23^∗∗∗	0.21 ± 0.03^∗∗∗	0.01 ± 0.02^∗∗∗	2.50 ± 0.49^∗∗∗	0.50 ± 0.31^∗∗
	Rivastigmine (10 mg/kg)	2.88 ± 0.1^NS	0.07 ± 0.16^NS	0.09 ± 0.05^NS	0.007 ± 0.02^NS	3.70 ± 0.31^NS	1.02 ± 0.42^NS
	Seed extract (100 mg/kg)	0.062 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	0.02 ± 0.03^∗	0.01 ± 0.08^∗∗∗	0.0001 ± 0.03^∗∗∗	0.11 ± 0.003^∗∗∗	0.07 ± 0.003^∗∗∗
	Seed extract (200 mg/kg)	1.12 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	0.04 ± 0.01^NS	0.02 ± 0.07^∗∗∗	0.001 ± 0.008^∗∗	0.85 ± 0.004^∗∗∗	0.29 ± 0.0001^∗∗∗
	Seed extract (400 mg/kg)	2.43 ± 0.02^NS	0.15 ± 0.02^∗∗	0.07 ± 0.03^NS	0.007 ± 0.02^NS	3.75 ± 0.01^NS	1.14 ± 0.0004^NS

Data are expressed as mean ± SEM with significant levels of ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗p < 0.05, and NS are nonsignificant compared to the normal control group. POD, GSH, CAT, SOD, and TBARS represent peroxidases, glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, respectively.