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. 2023 Jan 12;13(1):e066626. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066626

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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RALE scores were significantly correlated with biomarkers of host injury and inflammation, and significantly associated with the hyperinflammatory subphenotype. Correlograms of host response biomarkers, SARS-CoV-2 viral load and RALE scores in SB (A) and IMV (B) patients. Pearson’s correlations are shown in colour code (red for positive and blue for negative) and only statistically significant correlations following adjustment for multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg method are shown (white boxes indicate non-significant correlations). Patients assigned to the hyperinflammatory subphenotype (based on a prediction from a parsimonious predictive model utilising IL-6, sTNFR1 and bicarbonate levels) had higher RALE scores in both SB (C) and IMV (D) patients. Ang2, angiopoietin-2; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; IL, interleukin; RALE, Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema; SB, spontaneously breathing; ST2, suppression of tumorigenicity-2; sTNFR1, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; sRAGE, soluble receptor of advanced glycation end-products.