Fig. 5. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) upregulated c-Fos transcription and expression in T_reg and PC B cells.

a, b The differential transcription activity of the top 10 transcription factors in T_reg and B cells by SCENIC. Color scaling represents the normalized AUC values of target genes in the regulon being expressed as computed by SCENIC. c Of the 10 top transcription factors in T_reg and B cells, c-Fos was the only transcription factor that was upregulated in both T_reg and B cells by DHA. d, e GSVA analysis of plasma cells indicated that the plasma cells from DHA treated mice had significantly lower expression of B cell activating associated genes that were regulated by c-Fos than those from CMC control. f Representative immunofluorescence images of spleen sections from DHA treated mice and CMC control mice stained with anti-Ki67 antibodies (green) and anti-c-Fos antibodies (red). Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). DHA treatment led to elevated expression of c-Fos in plasma cells, and atrophy of germinal centers. Fos = c-Fos.