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. 2023 Jan 16;14:228. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-35861-1

Fig. 3. ABX treatment alters the profiles of gut microbiota and hepatic metabolites.

Fig. 3

Fecal and liver samples were collected from Fig. 2 mice, which were fed with ND or CL-HFS in the absence or presence of ABX for 12 weeks. a Effect of ABX on the relative abundance of operational taxonomic unit (OUT) in CL-HFS-fed mice. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples identified the profiles of gut microbiota in three groups of mice. b ABX treatment changed gut microbiota similarity. PERMANOVA significance test was performed with Principal-coordinate analysis (PCA) to define the Jaccard similarity index. c ABX induced a significant alteration in representative bacterial species. ABX treatment significantly reduced the relative abundance of Blautia and Akkermansia and increased the relative abundance of Alistipes and Muribaculaceae in the fecal samples of CL-HFS-fed mice. n = 5, data are presented as mean ± SD. d ABX changed the hepatic metabolite profile. Hepatic metabolites in three groups of mice were analyzed by non-targeted Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Heatmap showed Z-scores of 5 metabolites in 30 liver tissues from 10 ND-fed mice, 10 CL-HFS-fed mice, and 10 CL-HFS-fed mice with ABX treatment. ABX treatment markedly reduced the following metabolite production in CL-HFS-fed mice, L-Phenylalanine (Phe), Pyroglutamic acid (PCA), 2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG), Cysteine (Cys), and L-Valine (Val). n = 10, data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis of data was performed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test using GraphPad Prism 8 software. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.