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. 2023 Jan 16;14:228. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-35861-1

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of 2-OG-mediated HSC activation in an MΦ-dependent manner.

Fig. 8

CL-HFS and Blautia interplay produces 2-OG, which stimulates MΦ expression of TGF-β1 through GPR119-TAK1-NF-κB signaling. The resultant TGF-β1 activates quiescent HSCs (qHSCs) to activated HSCs (aHSCs) to increase the expression of ECM genes, including Acta2, Col1a1, and Col4a1. This figure was created using Biorender (https://biorender.com).