TABLE 1.
Sample characteristics (weighted percentage)
| Variable | Age 18–44 n = 39,033 | Age 45–64 n = 238,322 | Age 65+ n = 764,962 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 74.3% | 86.2% | 97.8% |
| Race/ethnicity a | |||
| AI/AN | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.5% |
| Asian | 3.5% | 1.4% | 0.7% |
| Black | 17.7% | 26.1% | 10.8% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 14.1% | 7.7% | 5.1% |
| Multi‐race | 1.6% | 0.8% | 0.6% |
| NH/OPI | 1.1% | 0.9% | 0.6% |
| Unknown | 3.4% | 3.8% | 5.1% |
| White | 57.9% | 58.6% | 76.7% |
| Rural | 24.3% | 29.7% | 35.8% |
| Socio‐economic status | |||
| High | 5.9% | 12.8% | 21.1% |
| Low | 8.6% | 22.2% | 20.2% |
| Indeterminate | 85.5% | 65.0% | 58.8% |
| Education (greater than high school) | 87.9% | 71.7% | 58.5% |
| Self‐reported physical health | |||
| 1 – Excellent | 7.8% | 6.0% | 6.3% |
| 2 – Very Good | 23.2% | 20.4% | 22.4% |
| 3 – Good | 37.4% | 37.7% | 37.9% |
| 4 – Fair | 25.1% | 28.1% | 26.7% |
| 5 – Poor | 6.6% | 7.9% | 6.8% |
| Self‐reported mental health | |||
| 1 – Excellent | 13.3% | 17.3% | 21.9% |
| 2 – Very Good | 18.7% | 23.1% | 28.2% |
| 3 – Good | 27.4% | 27.5% | 28.5% |
| 4 – Fair | 28.3% | 23.8% | 17.4% |
| 5 – Poor | 12.4% | 8.4% | 4.0% |
| Gagne Comorbidity Index, b weighted mean (SE) | 0.22 (0.07) | 0.39 (0.004) | 0.84 (0.003) |
a
AI/AN denotes American Indian/Alaska Native. NH/OPI denotes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Race/Ethnicity includes mutually exclusive categories of Hispanic/Latino and non‐Hispanic race groups.
b
Gagne Comorbidity Index represents the increase in odds of dying in the next year due to 37 comorbid conditions, based on age and sex. Thus, 0.22 represents a comorbidity burden that increases the risk of death by 22%.