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. 2023 Jan 17;3(2):24. doi: 10.1007/s43545-023-00610-0

Table 3.

Hierarchical OLS regression analyses (stepwise method) for fear of crises (t4)

Parameters tested in the model Model 1—parameters t1
(N = 210)
Model 2—parameters t1 + t2
(N = 169)
Model 3 -parameters t1 + t2 + t3
(N = 129)
B SD β B SD β B SD β
Trust in governance
Fear of crises 0.27a 0.06 0.31***

0.16a

0.232

0.07

0.07

0.18*

0.24**

0.33c 0.07 0.34***
Civic engagement 0.23b 0.07 0.21**
Cost–Benefit calculations 0.14c 0.05 0.18*
Satisfaction with public services
Quality of leadership & management
Responsibility of emergency agencies 0.19a 0.09 0.16*
Readiness of emergency agencies − 0.23a 0.08 − 0.21** − 0.18a 0.07 − 0.17*
Uncertainty

0.13a

0.18b

− 0.24c

0.06

0.08

0.08

0.18*

0.23*

− 0.28**

Willingness to pay for emergency 0.16a 0.05 0.21**
Anxiety–anger 0.28b 0.06 0.32*** 0.18b 0.08 0.21*
Gender
Age
Education

F(4205) = 13.09, p < 0.001

Adj. R2 = 0.19

F(5163) = 19.38, p < 0.001

Adj. R2 = 0.35

F(6122) = 12.87, p < 0.001

Adj. R2 = 0.36

aparameter t1, bparameter t2, cparameter t3

*p < 0.05, ** p< 0.01, ***p < 0.001