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. 2022 Dec;10(24):1404. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-6196

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Structures of CAR and TCR. (A) CARs consist of 4 domains: extracellular antigen-binding domain, hinge region, transmembrane domain, and intracellular signaling domain. The extracellular scFv domain binds to tumor-associated antigens on the surface of tumor cells. The intracellular signaling domain consists of CD3ζ and many co-stimulatory molecules, which initiate antigen-specific immune responses. (B) TCR is a heterodimer with α and β subunits that recognizes antigenic peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. It forms complexes with multiple CD3 signaling subunits (CD3εγ, CD3εδ, and CD3ζζ) to activate T cells. CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; TCR, T cell receptor; scFv, single-chain variable fragment; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; Ag, antigen; VH, heavy chain variable region; VL, light chain variable region.