Table 2.

A list of clinical studies on the administration of statins in epileptic patients

Authors	Study type	Number of patients	Type of statin	Measured outcomes and Main results
Borger et al. 21	Retrospective (patients undergoing isolated valve surgery)	4,216	N/A	Cardiac output syndrome, undergoing concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, mean EuroSCORE predicted risk of mortality.
Guo et al. 50	Cohort	1,832	Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin	Early use of statins reduced the risk of early poststroke seizures.
Sierra-Marcos et al. 51	Cohort	427	Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Pravastatin	Exposure to statins before a status epilepticus episode is related to decreased mortality risk, suggesting a possible anti-epileptogenic role.
Rong et al. 53	Retrospective	532	N/A	In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, early statin therapy may lower the risk of post-radiation epilepsy.
Etminan et al. 62	Nested case-control study	150,555	Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Cerivastatin, Fluvastatin, Pravastatin, Simvastatin, Rosuvastatin	Statin therapy may lower the risk of hospitalization because of epilepsy.
Lin et al. 55	Cohort	7,435	Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Lovastatin, Pitavastatin, Fluvastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin	Post-stroke, but not pre-stroke, statin use was associated with a reduced risk of post-stroke epilepsy.
Trivedi et al. 57	Propensity score-matched cohorts	43,438	Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin	Statin therapy had no significant effect in patients with epilepsy.
Henker et al. 58	Cohort	224	Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin	Statin therapy reduced the number of seizures. The necrosis (size and amount) was significantly lower in seizures caused by glioblastoma.
Li et al. 59	Cohort	1,051	Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin	High-dose statin therapy can lower the risk of post-stroke seizures. There is a lower risk of post-stroke seizures with chronic statin therapy.
Vitturi et al. 60	Prospective cohort	477	Simvastatin (40, 20 mg), High potency statins	Patients receiving statins (e.g., simvastatin) were less likely to suffer from post-stroke epilepsy compared to those who did not. Statin therapy in an adequate dose may reduce the risk of post-stroke epilepsy.
Hsieh et al. 61	Retrospective cohort	18,957	Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Fluvastatin, Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Pravastatin	In relation to epilepsy, no significant differences were found between non-statin and statin users. Male patients using statins had a lower risk of post-stroke epilepsy mortality compared to non-statin users. Statins had a modest effect in preventing post-stroke epilepsy.
Matsubara et al. 63	Retrospective study	4,595	Pitavastatin, Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Pravastatin	Statins significantly reduced the risk of early-onset seizures in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Guo et al. 64	Meta-analysis of cohort studies	26,042	Atorvastatin, Simvastatin	Statin therapy could be considered as one of the preventive medications for individuals at risk of seizures and epilepsy.