Table 1.
General Characteristics of Study Participants
| Variable | Normoglycemic | Prediabetic | Diabetic | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 904 (32.6) | 1451 (52.3) | 421 (15.1) | |
| Age groups***### | <0.001 | |||
| Middle-aged group | 366 (40.5) | 423 (29.2) | 126 (29.9) | |
| Elderly group | 538 (59.5) | 1028 (70.8) | 295 (70.1) | |
| Gender(female)## | 616 (68.1) | 1022 (70.4) | 253 (60.1) | <0.001 |
| Educational level*## | 0.015 | |||
| Junior high school and below | 651 (72.0) | 972 (67.0) | 270 (64.1) | |
| Senior high school and technical college | 195 (21.6) | 368 (25.4) | 124 (29.5) | |
| University and above | 57 (6.3) | 111 (7.6) | 27 (6.4) | |
| Family history of diabetes***### | 208 (23.0) | 460 (31.7) | 246 (58.4) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol drinking***### | 420 (46.5) | 832 (57.3) | 244 (58.0) | <0.001 |
| Cigarette smoking***### | 426 (47.1) | 840 (57.9) | 247 (58.7) | <0.001 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Body mass index (BMI)***### | <0.001 | |||
| BMI<24 kg/m2 | 483 (53.4) | 645 (44.5) | 138 (32.8) | |
| 24 kg/m2≤BMI <28 kg/m2 | 376 (41.6) | 700 (48.2) | 218 (51.8) | |
| BMI≥28 kg/m2 | 45 (5.0) | 106 (7.3) | 65 (15.4) | |
| Hypertension***### | 276 (30.5) | 564 (38.9) | 223 (53.0) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/l)***### | 4.70 (4.41–4.95) | 4.98 (4.67–5.35) | 6.15 (5.45–7.12) | <0.001 |
| 2hPG (mmol/l)***### | 5.68 (4.91–6.45) | 7.02 (5.84–8.33) | 12.30 (10.41–14.19) | <0.001 |
| FINS (mIU/l)***### | 6.29 (4.41–8.96) | 7.60 (5.40–10.45) | 9.51 (6.43–13.60) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR***### | 1.31 (0.91–1.90) | 1.65 (1.16–2.38) | 2.65 (1.78–3.93) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c(%)***### | 5.40 (5.30–5.50) | 5.90 (5.70–6.00) | 6.60 (6.25–7.10) | <0.001 |
| TC(mmol/l)***# | 4.92±0.91 | 5.09±0.90 | 5.01±0.99 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l)**### | 1.45 (1.21–1.76) | 1.40 (1.17–1.68) | 1.26 (1.07–1.53) | <0.001 |
| LDL -C (mmol/l)*** | 2.77±0.80 | 2.89±0.83 | 2.76±0.80 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/l)***### | 1.19 (0.88–1.70) | 1.37 (1.02–1.95) | 1.68 (1.23–2.38) | <0.001 |
| SCr (μmol/l) | 66.0 (58.0–77.0) | 66.0 (58.0–77.0) | 66.0 (57.5–78.0) | 0.705 |
| SUA (μmol/l)***### | 288.5 (245.0–343.0) | 306.0 (261.0–359.0) | 319.0 (270.0–375.0) | <0.001 |
Notes: ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05 for comparison of the prediabetic and normoglycemic. ###P < 0.001; ##P < 0.01; #P < 0.05 for comparison of the diabetic and normoglycemic.