Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 490 T2DM patients with reference ranges
| Parameters | Reference range | Mean (SD) | Males n=262 | Females n=228 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | - | 49.9 (7.5) | 50.2 (7.9) | 49.7 (6.9) | 0.478 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | <120 | 129.6 (16.6) | 129.9 (15.9) | 129.2 (17.5) | 0.626 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | <80 | 75.7 (10.5) | 77.9 (10.1) | 73.2 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 18.5-24.9 | 32.7 (5.7) | 30.9 (5.2) | 34.6 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | ≤102 Males | 109.8 (11.3) | 106.9 (13.5) | 104.6 (12.6) | 0.049 |
| ≤88 Females | |||||
| Waist/hip ratio | ≤0.90 Males | 0.96 (0.08) | 1.0 (0.05) | 0.9 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| ≤0.80 Females | |||||
| ALT, IU/L | 0.0-55.0 | 26.5 (18.5) | 31.4 (21.7) | 21.0 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| AST, IU/L | 5.0-34.0 | 21.9 (13.7) | 22.7 (12.8) | 20.9 (14.7) | 0.159 |
| GGT, IU/L | 12.0-64.0 | 37.3 (55.8) | 40.3 (57.2) | 33.5 (53.9) | 0.214 |
| Serum bilirubin, µmol/L | 3.4-20.5 | 9.0 (8.8) | 10.5 (11.4) | 7.2 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L | 40.0-150.0 | 75.5 (27.1) | 74.7 (30.4) | 76.3 (22.7) | 0.519 |
| Serum albumin, g/L | 35.0-52.0 | 41.6 (2.8) | 42.2 (2.9) | 41.0 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Fasting Blood Glucose, mmol/L | 3.89-5.83 | 8.8 (3.5) | 8.9 (3.3) | 8.9 (3.5) | 0.973 |
| HbA1c, % | <6.50 | 8.3 (1.9) | 8.2 (1.7) | 8.4 (2.1) | 0.338 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | ≤5.180 | 4.3 (1.1) | 4.1 (1.0) | 4.6 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | >1.55 | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | <2.60 | 2.7 (0.9) | 3.1 (8.4) | 2.8 (0.9) | 0.559 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | ≤1.70 | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.6) | 0.285 |
BMI: body mass index, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein