Table 2.
Study characteristics
| No. | Author | Year | Study design | Channel size, mm | Additional guidance | Lesion size, mm | Prevalence of malignancy, % | Complications | Reference/comparison test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shinagawa et al. [24] | 2004 | Prospective | 1.2 | CT-Flu, VBN | 13.2 | 69.2 | No | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
|
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| 2 | Yamamoto et al. [25] | 2004 | Prospective | 1.2 | Flu | NE | 76.1 | NE | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
|
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| 3 | Shinagawa et al. [26] | 2007 | Prospective | 1.2 | CT-Flu, VBN | 13.7 | 71.8 | 1 Bleed, 1 PNX | NE |
|
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| 4 | Tachihara et al. [27] | 2007 | Retrospective | 1.2 | Flu, VBN | 15.9 | NE | No | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
|
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| 5 | Oki et al. [28] | 2009 | Prospective | 1.7 | Flu, R-EBUS | 31.2 | 62.0 | No | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
|
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| 6 | Matsuno et al. [22] | 2011 | Retrospective | 1.2 | CT-Flu, Flu, VBN | NE | 60.8 | 1 PNX | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
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| 7 | Oki et al. [29] | 2012 | RCT | 1.7 | Flu, R-EBUS | 30.6 | 75.2 | 1 Bleed, 3 PNX, 1 PNA | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
|
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| 8 | Asano et al. [30] | 2013 | RCT | 1.2 | Flu, VBN | 17.3 | 88.0 | 2 Bleed, 2 PNX 1 PNA 2 Others (1 transient bradycardia, 1 xylocaine intoxication) |
Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
|
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| 9 | Oki et al. [31] | 2015 | RCT | 1.7 | Flu, R-EBUS, VBN | 19.0 | 82.0 | 3 PNX, 1 PNA 1 Others (1 chest pain) |
Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
|
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| 10 | Franzen et al. [32] | 2016 | RCT | 1.2 | Flu | 27.0 | 40.0 | 6 Others (2 coughing, 3 blocked working channel or weak suction, 1 hypertensive urgency requiring intervention) | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
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| 11 | Tokoro et al. [33] | 2016 | Retrospective | 1.2 | CT-Flu | NE | NE | NE | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
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| 12 | Ali et al. [34] | 2019 | Prospective | 1.2 | CBCT, VBN | 20.0 | 62.5 | 1 PNX (requiring chest tube), 1 PNA | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
|
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| 13 | Diez-Ferrer et al. [35] | 2019 | Prospective | 1.2 | Flu, VBN | 24.3 | 72.1 | NE | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
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| 14 | Oki et al. [13] | 2019 | RCT | 1.7 | Flu, R-EBUS, VBN | 18.9 | 81.4 | 1 Bleed, 2 PNX (1 requiring chest tube), 2 PNA | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
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| 15 | Sehgal et al. [36] | 2019 | Retrospective | 1.7 | R-EBUS | 16.4 | NE | 1 Bleed, 1 PNX | Clinical/radiologic surveillance |
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| 16 | Sumi et al. [37] | 2020 | Retrospective | 1.7 | Flu, R-EBUS | 19.5 | NE | 1 Bleed, 1 PNX (requiring chest tube), 2 PNA | NE |
|
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| 17 | Kawakita et al. [38] | 2021 | Retrospective | 1.2 | CBCT, CT-Flu, Flu, VBN | 19.9 | 68.6 | 3 PNX, 1 others (respiratory failure) | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
|
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| 18 | Sumi et al. [39] | 2021 | Retrospective | 1.7 | Flu, R-EBUS | 20.0 | NE | 2 Bleed, 1 PNA | NE |
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| 19 | Zheng et al. [23] | 2021 | RCT | 1.7 | Flu, R-EBUS, VBN | 27.7 | 83.3 | No | Histology by alternative means or clinical/radiologic surveillance |
CBCT, cone-beam computed tomography; CT-Flu, computed tomography-fluoroscopy; Flu, fluoroscopy; NE, not evaluable; No., number; PNA, pneumonia; PNX, pneumothorax; R-EBUS, radial-endobronchial ultrasound; RCT, randomized controlled trial; VBN, virtual bronchoscopic navigation.